Nkhani - Unikani zinthu zazikulu zitatu zomwe zimafunikira kuyeza mwatsatanetsatane popereka malo opangira makina a CNC.

Kusanthula kwa Zinthu Zofunikira mu Kuvomerezeka Kwachangu kwa CNC Machining Centers

Chidule: Pepalali likufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane zinthu zitatu zofunika kuziyezera molondola popereka malo opangira makina a CNC, omwe ndi kulondola kwa geometric, kuyika bwino, ndi kudula mwatsatanetsatane. Kupyolera mu kusanthula mozama za tanthawuzo la chinthu chilichonse cholondola, zomwe zili zowunikira, zida zowunikira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, ndi njira zowunikira, zimapereka chitsogozo chokwanira komanso mwadongosolo pakuvomera kwa malo opangira makina a CNC, zomwe zimathandiza kuonetsetsa kuti malo opangira makinawa ali ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino komanso olondola akaperekedwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito, kukwaniritsa zofunikira pakukonza mafakitale.

I. Chiyambi

Monga chimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri pakupanga kwamakono, kulondola kwa malo opangira makina a CNC kumakhudza mwachindunji magwiridwe antchito okonzedwa komanso kupanga bwino. Panthawi yobereka, ndikofunikira kuyeza mozama komanso mosamalitsa ndikuvomereza kulondola kwa geometric, kuyika bwino, ndikudula. Izi sizingokhudzana ndi kudalirika kwa zida zomwe zidayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso chitsimikizo chofunikira cha ntchito yake yokhazikika yokhazikika komanso yolondola kwambiri.

II. Kuwunika kwa Geometric Precision kwa CNC Machining Centers

(I) Zinthu Zoyendera ndi Kutanthauzira

Kutengera malo wamba owoneka ngati mwachitsanzo, kuwunika kwake kolondola kwa geometric kumakhudza mbali zingapo zofunika.

Flatness of Worktable Surface: Monga momwe amafotokozera zogwirira ntchito, kusalala kwa malo ogwirira ntchito kumakhudza mwachindunji kuyika kwa zida zogwirira ntchito komanso mtundu wapulani pambuyo pokonza. Ngati flatness kuposa kulolerana, mavuto monga makulidwe osagwirizana ndi zinawonongeka pamwamba roughness zidzachitika pokonza workpieces planar.
Kuyenderana kwa Mayendedwe mu Njira Iliyonse Yogwirizanitsa: Kupatuka kwa perpendicularity pakati pa X, Y, ndi Z ma axes ogwirizanitsa kuchititsa 扭曲变形 mu mawonekedwe a geometric a chogwiriracho. Mwachitsanzo, mphero ya cuboid workpiece, m'mphepete poyamba perpendicular adzakhala ndi zopotoka ngodya, kukhudza kwambiri msonkhano ntchito workpiece.
Parallelism of the Worktable Surface pa Movements mu X ndi Y Coordinate Directions: Kufanana uku kumatsimikizira kuti ubale wapakati pakati pa chida chodulira ndi malo ogwirira ntchito umakhalabe nthawi zonse pamene chida chikuyenda mu ndege ya X ndi Y. Kupanda kutero, pakupanga mphero, ndalama zosagwirizana ndi makina zitha kuchitika, zomwe zimabweretsa kutsika kwapamwamba komanso ngakhale kuvala kwambiri kwa chida chodulira.
Parallelism of the Side of the T-slot on the Worktable Surface pa Movement in the X Coordinate Direction: Kwa ntchito zamakina zomwe zimafuna kuyimitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito T-slot, kulondola kwa kufananaku kumagwirizana ndi kulondola kwa kukhazikitsa koyenera, komwe kumakhudzanso kulondola kwa malo ndi kulondola kwa makina a workpiece.
Kuthamanga kwa Axial kwa Spindle: Kuthamanga kwa axial kwa spindle kumayambitsa kusuntha kwakung'ono kwa chida chodulira munjira ya axial. Pa kubowola, wotopetsa ndi machining njira zina, zimabweretsa zolakwika kukula kwa dzenje, kuwonongeka kwa dzenje la cylindricity, ndi kuchuluka kwa roughness pamwamba.
Radial Runout of the Spindle Bore: Imakhudza kulondola kwa clamping kwa chida chodulira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti malo ozungulira chidawo azikhala osakhazikika pakuzungulira. Mukagaya bwalo lakunja kapena mabowo obowola, zimawonjezera cholakwika cha mawonekedwe a gawo lopangidwa ndi makina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuonetsetsa kuti zozungulira ndi zozungulira.
Kufanana kwa Spindle Axis Pamene Spindle Box Imayenda motsatira Z Coordinate Direction: Mlozera wolondolawu ndiwofunikira pakuwonetsetsa kuti pali kulumikizana pakati pa chida chodulira ndi chogwirira ntchito popanga makina osiyanasiyana a Z-axis. Ngati kufananako kuli kocheperako, kuya kwa makina osagwirizana kudzachitika pamphero yakuya kapena yotopetsa.
Perpendicularity ya Spindle Rotation Axis to Worktable Surface: Kwa malo osunthika osunthika, perpendicularity iyi imatsimikizira kulondola kwa malo osunthika ndi malo opendekera. Ngati pali kupatuka, mavuto monga malo osayang'ana osayang'ana ndi ma angles okhotakhota olakwika amachitika.
Kuwongoka kwa Spindle Box Movement motsatira Z Coordinate Direction: Cholakwika chowongoka chimapangitsa chida chodulira kuti chichoke panjira yoyenera yowongoka poyenda motsatira Z-axis. Mukamapanga mabowo akuya kapena malo opangira masitepe angapo, zingayambitse zolakwika za coaxiality pakati pa masitepe ndi zolakwika zowongoka zamabowowo.

(II) Zida Zoyendera Zomwe Zimagwiritsidwa Ntchito Kawirikawiri

Kuyang'ana kolondola kwa geometric kumafuna kugwiritsa ntchito zida zowunikira kwambiri. Miyezo yolondola ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyeza kuchuluka kwa malo ogwirira ntchito komanso kuwongoka ndi kufanana munjira iliyonse yolumikizira; mabokosi olondola a square, mabwalo akumanja, ndi olamulira ofanana amatha kuthandizira kuzindikira mawonekedwe ndi kufanana; machubu oyenderana atha kupereka mizere yolondola kwambiri yofananira; zizindikiro zoyimba ndi ma micrometer amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuyeza kusuntha kwakung'ono kosiyanasiyana ndi kuthamanga, monga kuthamanga kwa axial ndi kutuluka kwa radial kwa spindle; Mipiringidzo yoyesera yolondola kwambiri nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azindikire kulondola kwa nsonga yozungulira komanso ubale wapakatikati pakati pa nsonga ndi nkhwangwa zogwirizanitsa.

(III) Njira Zoyang'anira

Kuwunika kolondola kwa geometric m'malo opangira makina a CNC kuyenera kumalizidwa nthawi imodzi pambuyo pakusintha bwino kwa malo opangira makina a CNC. Izi zili choncho chifukwa pali maubwenzi ogwirizana komanso okhudzana pakati pa zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana za kulondola kwa geometric. Mwachitsanzo, flatness wa worktable pamwamba ndi parallelism wa kayendedwe ka nkhwangwa agwirizane akhoza kuletsa wina ndi mzake. Kusintha chinthu chimodzi kungakhale ndi chain reaction pa zinthu zina zogwirizana. Ngati chinthu chimodzi chasinthidwa ndikuwunikiridwa chimodzi ndi chimodzi, zimakhala zovuta kudziwa molondola ngati kulondola kwa geometric kumagwirizanadi ndi zofunikira, komanso sikungakhale kothandiza kupeza chomwe chimayambitsa kupatuka kolondola ndikusintha mwadongosolo ndi kukhathamiritsa.

III. Positioning Precision Inspection of CNC Machining Centers

(I) Tanthauzo ndi Zifukwa Zothandizira Positioning Precision

Kuyika bwino kumatanthawuza kulondola kwa malo omwe njira iliyonse yolumikizira ya CNC machining Center imatha kukwaniritsidwa motsogozedwa ndi zida zowongolera manambala. Zimadalira makamaka kuwongolera kuwongolera kwadongosolo la manambala komanso zolakwika zamakina otengera makina. Kusamvana kwa makina owongolera manambala, ma aligorivimu omasulira, ndi kulondola kwa zida zowunikira mayankho onse adzakhala ndi chiwongolero pakuyika bwino. Pankhani ya kufalikira kwa mawotchi, zinthu monga kulakwitsa kwa phula la wononga zotsogola, kutseguka pakati pa wononga zotsogola ndi nati, kuwongoka ndi kukangana kwa njanji yowongolera zimatsimikiziranso kuchuluka kwa malo olondola.

(II) Kuwunika Zamkatimu

Kuyimilira Kulondola ndi Kubwerezabwereza Kuyimilira kwa Linear Motion Axis: Kuyika molunjika kumawonetsa kusiyana pakati pa malo olamulidwa ndi malo omwe afikirako a axis yolumikizira, pomwe kubwereza mobwerezabwereza kumawonetsa kuchuluka kwa kubalalitsidwa kwamalo pomwe ogwirizanitsa amasunthira mobwerezabwereza ku malo omwewo adalamulidwa. Mwachitsanzo, popanga mphero, kusayika bwino bwino kungayambitse kupatuka pakati pa mawonekedwe opangidwa ndi makina opangidwa ndi kontrakitala, ndipo kubwereza kobwerezabwereza kumapangitsa kuti makina aziyenda mosagwirizana pokonza mikombero yomweyi kangapo, kusokoneza mawonekedwe a pamwamba ndi kulondola kwake.
Kubwereranso Kulondola kwa Mechanical Origin ya Linear Motion Axis: Chiyambi cha makina ndi malo ofotokozera a axis ogwirizanitsa, ndipo kubwereza kwake kumakhudza mwachindunji kulondola kwa malo oyambirira a axis ogwirizanitsa pambuyo poti chida cha makina chikuyendetsedwa kapena ntchito yobwerera zero ikuchitika. Ngati kubwereranso mwatsatanetsatane si mkulu, zingachititse kuti apatuka pakati pa chiyambi cha workpiece amagwirizanitsa dongosolo mu Machining wotsatira ndi chiyambi anakonza, chifukwa mu dongosolo udindo zolakwa lonse Machining ndondomeko.
Kubwereranso kwa Linear Motion Axis: Pamene axis yogwirizanitsa ikusintha pakati pa kayendetsedwe ka kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo, chifukwa cha zinthu monga chilolezo pakati pa makina opatsirana ndi kusintha kwa mikangano, kubwereranso kudzachitika. Pamakina omwe amakhala ndi mayendedwe opita patsogolo ndikubwerera m'mbuyo, monga ulusi wogaya kapena kupanga makina obwerezabwereza, kubwerezabwereza kumayambitsa "masitepe" -zolakwika ngati panjira ya makina, zomwe zimakhudza kulondola kwa makina ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba.
Kuyika Kulondola ndi Kubwereza Kubwereza Kwa Axis Iliyonse ya Rotary Motion (Rotary Worktable): Kwa malo opangira makina okhala ndi ma rotary worktable, kuyika bwino komanso kubwereza mobwerezabwereza nkhwangwa zoyenda ndizofunikira pakukonza zida zogwirira ntchito zokhala ndi indexing yozungulira kapena kukonza masitepe angapo. Mwachitsanzo, pokonza zida zogwirira ntchito zokhala ndi mikhalidwe yovuta yogawa yozungulira monga masamba a turbine, kulondola kwa nsonga yozungulira kumatsimikizira kulondola kwa makona ndi kugawa kofanana pakati pa masambawo.
Kubwereranso Kulondola kwa Origin ya Aliyense Rotary Motion Axis: Mofanana ndi mzere wozungulira wozungulira, kubwereranso kulondola kwa chiyambi cha mayendedwe a rotary kumakhudza kulondola kwa malo ake oyambirira aang'ono pambuyo pa ntchito yobwerera zero, ndipo ndi maziko ofunikira kuti atsimikizire kulondola kwa ndondomeko ya masiteshoni ambiri kapena ndondomeko yozungulira yozungulira.
Kubwereranso kwamtundu uliwonse wa Rotary Motion Axis: Kubwerera kumbuyo komwe kumabwera pomwe olamulira ozungulira akusintha pakati pa matembenuzidwe amtsogolo ndi obwerera kumbuyo kumapangitsa kuti pakhale mikangano yozungulira popanga mizere yozungulira kapena kupanga ma index aang'ono, zomwe zimakhudza mawonekedwe ake komanso kulondola kwa malo a chogwiriracho.

(III) Njira Zoyendera ndi Zida

Kuyang'ana kwa malo olondola nthawi zambiri kumatenga zida zowunikira bwino kwambiri monga ma laser interferometers ndi mamba a grating. Laser interferometer imayesa molondola kusamuka kwa olamulira ogwirizanitsa mwa kutulutsa mtengo wa laser ndikuyesa kusintha kwa m'mphepete mwake, kuti mupeze zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana monga kulondola kwa malo, kubwereza mobwerezabwereza, ndi kubwereranso. Sikelo ya grating imayikidwa mwachindunji pazitsulo zogwirizanitsa, ndipo imabwezeretsanso chidziwitso cha malo ogwirizanitsa powerenga kusintha kwa mikwingwirima ya grating, yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito poyang'anira pa intaneti ndi kuyang'ana magawo okhudzana ndi malo olondola.

IV. Kudula Mwatsatanetsatane Kuyang'ana kwa CNC Machining Centers

(I) Chilengedwe ndi Kufunika kwa Kudula Mwatsatanetsatane

The kudula mwatsatanetsatane wa CNC pakati Machining ndi mwatsatanetsatane mabuku, zomwe zimasonyeza Machining mwatsatanetsatane mlingo kuti chida makina akhoza kukwaniritsa mu ndondomeko leni kudula ndi mwatsatanetsatane kuganizira zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga kulondola kwa geometric, malo mwatsatanetsatane, kudula chida ntchito, magawo kudula, ndi kukhazikika kwa dongosolo ndondomeko. Kuwunika kolondola kwambiri ndikutsimikizira komaliza kwa ntchito yonse ya chida cha makina ndipo kumagwirizana mwachindunji ndi ngati workpiece yokonzedwayo ingakwaniritse zofunikira za mapangidwe.

(II) Gulu Loyang'anira ndi Zamkatimu

Single Machining Precision Inspection
- Boring Precision - Roundness, Cylindricity: Boring ndi njira wamba yopangira makina m'malo opangira makina. Kuzungulira ndi cylindricity ya dzenje lobowola zimawonetseratu mulingo wolondola wa chida cha makina pamene zozungulira ndi zozungulira zimagwira ntchito limodzi. Zolakwika zozungulira zimabweretsa kukula kwa dzenje losafanana, ndipo zolakwika za cylindricity zipangitsa kuti bowo lipindike, zomwe zimakhudza kulondola koyenera ndi magawo ena.
- Flatness ndi Masitepe Kusiyana kwa Planar mphero ndi Mapeto mphero: Pamene mphero ndege ndi mphero mapeto, flatness akusonyeza kufanana pakati worktable pamwamba ndi chida kayendedwe ndege ndi kuvala yunifolomu ya kudula m'mphepete mwa chida, pamene sitepe kusiyana limasonyeza kugwirizana kwa kudula kuya kwa chida pa malo osiyana pa ndondomeko planar mphero. Ngati pali kusiyana kwa masitepe, zikuwonetsa kuti pali zovuta zokhudzana ndi kayendedwe ka makina a X ndi Y ndege.
- Perpendicularity ndi Parallelism wa Mbali mphero ndi Mapeto mphero: Pamene mphero mbali pamwamba, ndi perpendicularity ndi parallelism ankalemekeza kuyesa perpendicularity pakati pa spindle kasinthasintha olamulira ndi kugwirizana olamulira ndi parallelism ubale pakati pa chida ndi Buku pamwamba pamene kudula pa mbali pamwamba, amene ali ndi tanthauzo lalikulu la mwatsatanetsatane mawonekedwe a ntchito pamwamba ndi kuonetsetsa mwatsatanetsatane mawonekedwe a pamwamba ntchito.
Kuyang'ana Kolondola Kwa Machining Chigawo Choyesera Chokhazikika
- Zamkatimu Zoyang'anira Kudulira Mwachindunji kwa Mahorizontal Machining Center
  - Kulondola kwa Bore Hole Spacing - mu X-axis Direction, Y-axis Direction, Diagonal Direction, ndi Hole Diameter Deviation: Kulondola kwakutalika kwa dzenje kumayesa mwatsatanetsatane momwe chida cha makina mu X ndi Y ndege amatha kuwongolera kulondola kwamayendedwe osiyanasiyana. Kupatuka kwa dzenje kukuwonetsanso kukhazikika kwa njira yotopetsa.
  - Kuwongoka, Kufanana, Kusiyanasiyana kwa Makulidwe, ndi Perpendicularity ya Kugaya Malo Ozungulira Ozungulira ndi Mapeto Omaliza: Pogaya malo ozungulira ndi mphero zomaliza, ubale wolondola wa chida chokhudzana ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a chogwiriracho ukhoza kudziwika panthawi yolumikizana ndi ma axis ambiri. Kuwongoka, kufanana, ndi perpendicularity motsatana zimayesa kulondola kwa mawonekedwe a geometric pakati pa malo, ndipo kusiyana kwa makulidwe kumawonetsa kuwongolera kwakuya kwa chida munjira ya Z-axis.
  - Kuwongoka, Kufanana, ndi Perpendicularity of Two-axis Linkage Milling of Straight Lines: Kugaya mizere yowongoka kwa ma axis awiri ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri yopangira ma contour. Kuyang'ana mwatsatanetsatane kumeneku kumatha kuwunika kulondola kwa chida cha makina pomwe nkhwangwa za X ndi Y zikuyenda molumikizana, zomwe zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa kulondola kwa zida zogwirira ntchito zokhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana owongoka.
  - Roundness of Arc Milling with End Mills: Kulondola kwa mphero ya arc makamaka kumayesa kulondola kwa chida cha makina panthawi ya kutanthauzira kwa arc. Zolakwika zozungulira zidzakhudza kulondola kwa mawonekedwe a zida zogwirira ntchito zokhala ndi ma arc contours, monga kukhala ndi nyumba ndi magiya.

(III) Zoyenerana ndi Zofunikira pa Kudulira Mwatsatanetsatane

Kuyang'ana mwatsatanetsatane kudula kuyenera kuchitidwa pambuyo poti kulondola kwa geometric ndikuyika bwino kwa chida cha makina kuvomerezedwa ngati oyenerera. Zida zodulira zoyenera, magawo odulira, ndi zida zogwirira ntchito ziyenera kusankhidwa. Zida zodulira ziyenera kukhala ndi kukhwima bwino komanso kukana kuvala, ndipo magawo odulira ayenera kusankhidwa moyenerera malinga ndi magwiridwe antchito a chida cha makina, zida za chida chodulira, ndi zida zogwirira ntchito kuti zitsimikizire kuti kudula kolondola kwa chida cha makina kumawunikiridwa pansi pazikhalidwe zodula. Pakalipano, panthawi yoyendera, chogwiritsira ntchito chogwiritsidwa ntchito chiyenera kuyesedwa molondola, ndipo zida zoyezera bwino kwambiri monga kugwirizanitsa makina oyezera ndi ma profilometers ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito momveka bwino komanso molondola zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana za kudula molondola.

V. Mapeto

Kuyang'anira kulondola kwa geometric, kuyika bwino, ndikudula popereka malo opangira makina a CNC ndichinthu chofunikira kwambiri chowonetsetsa kuti zida zamakina zili bwino komanso zogwira ntchito. Kulondola kwa geometric kumapereka chitsimikiziro cha kulondola koyambira kwa zida zamakina, kuyika bwino kumatsimikizira kulondola kwa zida zamakina poyendetsa kayendetsedwe kake, ndipo kudula kulondola ndikuwunika kwathunthu kuthekera konse kwa zida zamakina. Pakuvomera kwenikweni, ndikofunikira kutsatira mosamalitsa miyezo yoyenera ndi zofotokozera, kugwiritsa ntchito zida ndi njira zowunikira zoyenera, ndikuyesa mozama komanso mosamalitsa ndikuwunika zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana zolondola. Pokhapokha pamene zofunika zonse zitatu zolondola zakwaniritsidwa m'pamene malo opangira makina a CNC angakhazikitsidwe mwalamulo kupanga ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndikupereka ntchito zolondola kwambiri komanso zogwira mtima kwambiri pamakampani opanga zinthu komanso kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha mafakitale kukhala apamwamba kwambiri komanso olondola kwambiri. Pakalipano, kuyang'ananso nthawi zonse ndikuyesa kulondola kwa malo opangira makina ndi njira yofunikira kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kudalirika kosalekeza kwa makina ake olondola.