Kusanthula ndi Njira Zothetsera Kulephera Kwa Pampu ya Mafuta M'ma Machining Center
Pankhani yokonza makina, kugwira ntchito bwino komanso kukhazikika kwa malo opangira makina kumagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakupanga bwino komanso mtundu wazinthu. Monga gawo lofunikira pamayendedwe opaka mafuta m'malo opangira makina, ngakhale pampu yamafuta imagwira ntchito nthawi zambiri imakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito ndi moyo wa chida cha makina. Nkhaniyi ifufuza mozama za kulephera wamba kwa mapampu amafuta m'malo opangira makina ndi mayankho awo, cholinga chake ndikupereka malangizo aukadaulo atsatanetsatane komanso othandiza kwa akatswiri okonza makina, kuwathandiza kuzindikira mwachangu ndikuthetsa kulephera kwa mpope wamafuta mukakumana nawo, ndikuwonetsetsa kugwira ntchito kosalekeza komanso kokhazikika kwa malo opangira makina.
I. Kusanthula Zomwe Zimayambitsa Kulephera Kwa Pampu ya Mafuta M'ma Machining Center
(A) Mulingo wa Mafuta Osakwanira mu Pampu ya Mafuta a Sitima Yowongolera
Kusakwanira kwa mafuta mu mpope wa mafuta owongolera ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimalephera. Mafuta akakhala otsika kwambiri, mpope wamafuta sungathe kutulutsa mafuta okwanira nthawi zonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti makina opaka mafuta asagwire bwino ntchito. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cholephera kuyang'ana mulingo wamafuta munthawi yake ndikuwonjezera mafuta owongolera njanji pakukonza tsiku ndi tsiku, kapena kuchuluka kwamafuta kumachepa pang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha kutha kwa mafuta.
Kusakwanira kwa mafuta mu mpope wa mafuta owongolera ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimalephera. Mafuta akakhala otsika kwambiri, mpope wamafuta sungathe kutulutsa mafuta okwanira nthawi zonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti makina opaka mafuta asagwire bwino ntchito. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cholephera kuyang'ana mulingo wamafuta munthawi yake ndikuwonjezera mafuta owongolera njanji pakukonza tsiku ndi tsiku, kapena kuchuluka kwamafuta kumachepa pang'onopang'ono chifukwa cha kutha kwa mafuta.
(B) Kuwonongeka kwa Vavu ya Kuthamanga kwa Mafuta a Pumpu ya Mafuta a Sitima yapamtunda
Valve yamafuta amafuta imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwongolera kuthamanga kwamafuta pamakina onse opaka mafuta. Ngati valavu yamagetsi yamafuta yawonongeka, zinthu monga kupanikizika kosakwanira kapena kulephera kuwongolera kupanikizika nthawi zambiri kumachitika. Mwachitsanzo, pakugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali, valavu ya valve mkati mwa valavu ya mafuta imatha kutaya kusindikiza kwake ndi kuyendetsa ntchito chifukwa cha zifukwa monga kuvala ndi kutsekedwa ndi zonyansa, motero zimakhudza kuthamanga kwa mafuta ndi kuthamanga kwa pampu ya mafuta otsogolera.
Valve yamafuta amafuta imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwongolera kuthamanga kwamafuta pamakina onse opaka mafuta. Ngati valavu yamagetsi yamafuta yawonongeka, zinthu monga kupanikizika kosakwanira kapena kulephera kuwongolera kupanikizika nthawi zambiri kumachitika. Mwachitsanzo, pakugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali, valavu ya valve mkati mwa valavu ya mafuta imatha kutaya kusindikiza kwake ndi kuyendetsa ntchito chifukwa cha zifukwa monga kuvala ndi kutsekedwa ndi zonyansa, motero zimakhudza kuthamanga kwa mafuta ndi kuthamanga kwa pampu ya mafuta otsogolera.
(C) Kuwonongeka kwa Dera la Mafuta mu Machining Center
Makina ozungulira mafuta pakatikati pa makinawo ndi ovuta, kuphatikiza mapaipi osiyanasiyana amafuta, manifolds amafuta ndi zigawo zina. Pakugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali kwa chida cha makina, dera lamafuta likhoza kuwonongeka chifukwa cha kukhudzidwa kwakunja, kugwedezeka, dzimbiri ndi zina. Mwachitsanzo, mapaipi amafuta amatha kung’ambika kapena kusweka, ndipo mafuta ochuluka akhoza kusokonekera kapena kutsekeka, ndipo zonsezi zingalepheretse kuyenda bwino kwa mafuta opaka mafuta ndipo zimenezi zimachititsa kuti mafutawo asatenthedwe bwino.
Makina ozungulira mafuta pakatikati pa makinawo ndi ovuta, kuphatikiza mapaipi osiyanasiyana amafuta, manifolds amafuta ndi zigawo zina. Pakugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali kwa chida cha makina, dera lamafuta likhoza kuwonongeka chifukwa cha kukhudzidwa kwakunja, kugwedezeka, dzimbiri ndi zina. Mwachitsanzo, mapaipi amafuta amatha kung’ambika kapena kusweka, ndipo mafuta ochuluka akhoza kusokonekera kapena kutsekeka, ndipo zonsezi zingalepheretse kuyenda bwino kwa mafuta opaka mafuta ndipo zimenezi zimachititsa kuti mafutawo asatenthedwe bwino.
(D) Kutsekeka kwa Sefa Yosefera mu Pump Core ya Pampu ya Mafuta a Sitima ya Utsogoleri
Ntchito yayikulu ya sefa yotchinga pachimake cha pampu ndikusefa zonyansa mumafuta opaka mafuta ndikuziletsa kuti zisalowe mkati mwa mpope wamafuta ndikuwononga. Komabe, ndi kuchuluka kwa nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito, zonyansa monga tchipisi tachitsulo ndi fumbi m'mafuta opaka mafuta zimawunjikana pang'onopang'ono pazithunzi zosefera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zenera litseke. Chophimbacho chikatsekedwa, kukana kwa pompo ya mafuta kumawonjezeka, kuchuluka kwa mafuta olowera kumachepa, kenako kumakhudza kuchuluka kwamafuta amtundu wonse wamafuta.
Ntchito yayikulu ya sefa yotchinga pachimake cha pampu ndikusefa zonyansa mumafuta opaka mafuta ndikuziletsa kuti zisalowe mkati mwa mpope wamafuta ndikuwononga. Komabe, ndi kuchuluka kwa nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito, zonyansa monga tchipisi tachitsulo ndi fumbi m'mafuta opaka mafuta zimawunjikana pang'onopang'ono pazithunzi zosefera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zenera litseke. Chophimbacho chikatsekedwa, kukana kwa pompo ya mafuta kumawonjezeka, kuchuluka kwa mafuta olowera kumachepa, kenako kumakhudza kuchuluka kwamafuta amtundu wonse wamafuta.
(E) Kupitilira Mulingo wa Ubwino wa Mafuta a Sitima Yapamtunda Ogulidwa ndi Makasitomala
Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta owongolera njanji osakwaniritsa zofunikira kungayambitsenso kulephera kwa mpope wamafuta. Ngati zizindikiro monga mamasukidwe akayendedwe komanso odana ndi kuvala kwa njanji yowongolera sizikukwaniritsa zofunikira zamapangidwe a pampu yamafuta, zovuta monga kuchuluka kwa pampu yamafuta ndi kuchepa kwa kusindikiza kumatha kuchitika. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mamasukidwe akayendedwe a mafuta owongolera njanji ndi okwera kwambiri, amawonjezera katundu pa mpope wamafuta, ndipo ngati ali otsika kwambiri, filimu yothira mafuta bwino silingapangidwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mikangano yowuma pakati pa zigawo za pampu yamafuta panthawi yogwira ntchito ndikuwononga mpope wamafuta.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta owongolera njanji osakwaniritsa zofunikira kungayambitsenso kulephera kwa mpope wamafuta. Ngati zizindikiro monga mamasukidwe akayendedwe komanso odana ndi kuvala kwa njanji yowongolera sizikukwaniritsa zofunikira zamapangidwe a pampu yamafuta, zovuta monga kuchuluka kwa pampu yamafuta ndi kuchepa kwa kusindikiza kumatha kuchitika. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mamasukidwe akayendedwe a mafuta owongolera njanji ndi okwera kwambiri, amawonjezera katundu pa mpope wamafuta, ndipo ngati ali otsika kwambiri, filimu yothira mafuta bwino silingapangidwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mikangano yowuma pakati pa zigawo za pampu yamafuta panthawi yogwira ntchito ndikuwononga mpope wamafuta.
(F) Kukhazikitsa Kolakwika kwa Nthawi Yopaka Mafuta a Pampu ya Mafuta a Sitima Yapanjanji
Nthawi yothira mafuta pampopi yowongolera njanji pamalo opangira makina nthawi zambiri imayikidwa molingana ndi zofunikira zogwirira ntchito komanso zosowa zamafuta a chida cha makina. Ngati nthawi yothira mafuta imakhala yayitali kwambiri kapena yayifupi kwambiri, imakhudza mphamvu yamafuta. Kupaka mafuta kwanthawi yayitali kumatha kuwononga mafuta opaka mafuta komanso kuwonongeka kwa mapaipi amafuta ndi zinthu zina chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwamafuta kwambiri; Kupaka mafuta kwakanthawi kochepa sikungapereke mafuta okwanira okwanira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mafuta okwanira azinthu monga njanji yowongolera zida zamakina ndi kuvala mwachangu.
Nthawi yothira mafuta pampopi yowongolera njanji pamalo opangira makina nthawi zambiri imayikidwa molingana ndi zofunikira zogwirira ntchito komanso zosowa zamafuta a chida cha makina. Ngati nthawi yothira mafuta imakhala yayitali kwambiri kapena yayifupi kwambiri, imakhudza mphamvu yamafuta. Kupaka mafuta kwanthawi yayitali kumatha kuwononga mafuta opaka mafuta komanso kuwonongeka kwa mapaipi amafuta ndi zinthu zina chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwamafuta kwambiri; Kupaka mafuta kwakanthawi kochepa sikungapereke mafuta okwanira okwanira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mafuta okwanira azinthu monga njanji yowongolera zida zamakina ndi kuvala mwachangu.
(G) Wophwanyira Maulendo mu Bokosi la Magetsi Chifukwa Chakuchulukira Kwa Pampu Yodulira Mafuta
Panthawi yogwira ntchito ya pompu yamafuta odulira, ngati katunduyo ndi wamkulu kwambiri ndipo amapitilira mphamvu yake yovotera, zimabweretsa kuchulukira. Panthawiyi, wowononga dera mu bokosi lamagetsi adzayenda yekha kuti ateteze chitetezo cha dera ndi zipangizo. Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zosiyanasiyana zochulukitsira pampu yamafuta odulira, monga zida zamakina mkati mwa mpope wamafuta zomwe zimakakamira, kukhuthala kwamadzi odulira kukhala okwera kwambiri, ndi zolakwika mu injini yapopu yamafuta.
Panthawi yogwira ntchito ya pompu yamafuta odulira, ngati katunduyo ndi wamkulu kwambiri ndipo amapitilira mphamvu yake yovotera, zimabweretsa kuchulukira. Panthawiyi, wowononga dera mu bokosi lamagetsi adzayenda yekha kuti ateteze chitetezo cha dera ndi zipangizo. Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zosiyanasiyana zochulukitsira pampu yamafuta odulira, monga zida zamakina mkati mwa mpope wamafuta zomwe zimakakamira, kukhuthala kwamadzi odulira kukhala okwera kwambiri, ndi zolakwika mu injini yapopu yamafuta.
(H) Kutayikira kwa Mpweya Pamalo Olumikizirana Pampu ya Mafuta Odulira
Ngati zolumikizana za pampu yamafuta odulira sizimasindikizidwa mwamphamvu, kutulutsa mpweya kumachitika. Mpweya ukalowa mu mpope wamafuta, umasokoneza kuyamwa kwamafuta ndi kutulutsa kwapampu yamafuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusasunthika kwamadzi odulira komanso kulephera kunyamula madzi odulira bwino. Kutuluka kwa mpweya pamalumikizidwe kungayambitsidwe ndi zifukwa monga zolumikizira zotayirira, kukalamba kapena kuwonongeka kwa zisindikizo.
Ngati zolumikizana za pampu yamafuta odulira sizimasindikizidwa mwamphamvu, kutulutsa mpweya kumachitika. Mpweya ukalowa mu mpope wamafuta, umasokoneza kuyamwa kwamafuta ndi kutulutsa kwapampu yamafuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusasunthika kwamadzi odulira komanso kulephera kunyamula madzi odulira bwino. Kutuluka kwa mpweya pamalumikizidwe kungayambitsidwe ndi zifukwa monga zolumikizira zotayirira, kukalamba kapena kuwonongeka kwa zisindikizo.
(I) Kuwonongeka kwa Vavu ya Njira Imodzi ya Pampu Yodula Mafuta
Valavu ya njira imodzi imagwira ntchito poyendetsa kayendedwe ka unidirectional kwa madzi odula mu pompu yamafuta odula. Pamene valavu imodzi yawonongeka, momwe madzi odulira amathamangira kumbuyo amatha kuchitika, zomwe zimakhudza ntchito yachibadwa ya pampu ya mafuta. Mwachitsanzo, valavu ya valve ya njira imodzi sangathe kutseka kwathunthu chifukwa cha zifukwa monga kuvala ndi kutsekedwa ndi zonyansa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi odulira abwerere ku thanki yamafuta pamene pampu imasiya kugwira ntchito, zomwe zimafuna kukhazikitsidwanso kwa kupanikizika pamene mukuyamba nthawi yotsatira, kuchepetsa kugwira ntchito bwino komanso ngakhale kuwononga galimoto yopopera mafuta.
Valavu ya njira imodzi imagwira ntchito poyendetsa kayendedwe ka unidirectional kwa madzi odula mu pompu yamafuta odula. Pamene valavu imodzi yawonongeka, momwe madzi odulira amathamangira kumbuyo amatha kuchitika, zomwe zimakhudza ntchito yachibadwa ya pampu ya mafuta. Mwachitsanzo, valavu ya valve ya njira imodzi sangathe kutseka kwathunthu chifukwa cha zifukwa monga kuvala ndi kutsekedwa ndi zonyansa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi odulira abwerere ku thanki yamafuta pamene pampu imasiya kugwira ntchito, zomwe zimafuna kukhazikitsidwanso kwa kupanikizika pamene mukuyamba nthawi yotsatira, kuchepetsa kugwira ntchito bwino komanso ngakhale kuwononga galimoto yopopera mafuta.
(J) Njira Yachidule mu Koyilo Yamoto ya Pampu Yodula Mafuta
Kuzungulira pang'ono mu koyilo yamoto ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zolephera kwambiri zamagalimoto. Kuzungulira kwakanthawi kochepa kamene kamapezeka mu koyilo yamoto ya pampu yamafuta odulira, mphamvu yamagetsi imakwera kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti injiniyo itenthe kwambiri komanso ipse. Zifukwa za kufupika kwa koyilo yamoto kungaphatikizepo kugwira ntchito kwanthawi yayitali kwa mota, kukalamba kwa zida zotchingira, kuyamwa kwa chinyezi, ndi kuwonongeka kwakunja.
Kuzungulira pang'ono mu koyilo yamoto ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zolephera kwambiri zamagalimoto. Kuzungulira kwakanthawi kochepa kamene kamapezeka mu koyilo yamoto ya pampu yamafuta odulira, mphamvu yamagetsi imakwera kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti injiniyo itenthe kwambiri komanso ipse. Zifukwa za kufupika kwa koyilo yamoto kungaphatikizepo kugwira ntchito kwanthawi yayitali kwa mota, kukalamba kwa zida zotchingira, kuyamwa kwa chinyezi, ndi kuwonongeka kwakunja.
(K) Reverse Rotation Direction of Motor of the Cutting Oil Pump
Ngati mayendedwe ozungulira a injini ya pampu yamafuta odulira akutsutsana ndi zomwe amapangira, mpope wamafuta sungathe kugwira ntchito moyenera ndipo sungathe kuchotsa madzi odulira mu tanki yamafuta ndikuutengera kumalo opangira. Kuzungulira mozungulira kwa mota kumatha chifukwa chazifukwa monga mawaya olakwika a mota kapena zolakwika pamakina owongolera.
Ngati mayendedwe ozungulira a injini ya pampu yamafuta odulira akutsutsana ndi zomwe amapangira, mpope wamafuta sungathe kugwira ntchito moyenera ndipo sungathe kuchotsa madzi odulira mu tanki yamafuta ndikuutengera kumalo opangira. Kuzungulira mozungulira kwa mota kumatha chifukwa chazifukwa monga mawaya olakwika a mota kapena zolakwika pamakina owongolera.
II. Zothetsera Zatsatanetsatane Zolephera Pampu ya Mafuta M'ma Machining Center
(A) Njira Yothetsera Mafuta Osakwanira
Zikapezeka kuti mulingo wamafuta a pampu ya njanji yowongolera siwokwanira, mafuta owongolera njanji ayenera kubayidwa munthawi yake. Musanayambe kubaya mafuta, ndikofunikira kudziwa momwe mafuta akuwongolera njanji amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makina kuti atsimikizire kuti mafuta owonjezerawo akukwaniritsa zofunikira. Nthawi yomweyo, yang'anani mosamala ngati pali malo otayira mafuta pa chida cha makina. Ngati mafuta atuluka, ayenera kukonzedwanso munthawi yake kuti mafutawo asatayikenso.
Zikapezeka kuti mulingo wamafuta a pampu ya njanji yowongolera siwokwanira, mafuta owongolera njanji ayenera kubayidwa munthawi yake. Musanayambe kubaya mafuta, ndikofunikira kudziwa momwe mafuta akuwongolera njanji amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makina kuti atsimikizire kuti mafuta owonjezerawo akukwaniritsa zofunikira. Nthawi yomweyo, yang'anani mosamala ngati pali malo otayira mafuta pa chida cha makina. Ngati mafuta atuluka, ayenera kukonzedwanso munthawi yake kuti mafutawo asatayikenso.
(B) Kusamalira Njira Zowonongeka kwa Valve ya Mafuta
Yang'anani ngati valavu yamagetsi yamafuta ilibe mphamvu yokwanira. Zida zamaluso zozindikira kupanikizika kwamafuta zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza kuthamanga kwa valavu yamafuta ndikuiyerekeza ndi zomwe zimafunikira pakupanga makina. Ngati kupanikizika sikuli kokwanira, fufuzaninso ngati pali mavuto monga kutsekedwa ndi zonyansa kapena kuvala kwapakati pa valve mkati mwa valavu ya mafuta. Ngati zatsimikiziridwa kuti valavu yothamanga ya mafuta yawonongeka, valavu yatsopano ya mafuta iyenera kusinthidwa panthawi yake, ndipo kuthamanga kwa mafuta kuyenera kukonzedwanso pambuyo pa kusinthidwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti zili mkati mwazonse.
Yang'anani ngati valavu yamagetsi yamafuta ilibe mphamvu yokwanira. Zida zamaluso zozindikira kupanikizika kwamafuta zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza kuthamanga kwa valavu yamafuta ndikuiyerekeza ndi zomwe zimafunikira pakupanga makina. Ngati kupanikizika sikuli kokwanira, fufuzaninso ngati pali mavuto monga kutsekedwa ndi zonyansa kapena kuvala kwapakati pa valve mkati mwa valavu ya mafuta. Ngati zatsimikiziridwa kuti valavu yothamanga ya mafuta yawonongeka, valavu yatsopano ya mafuta iyenera kusinthidwa panthawi yake, ndipo kuthamanga kwa mafuta kuyenera kukonzedwanso pambuyo pa kusinthidwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti zili mkati mwazonse.
(C) Kukonza Njira Zowonongeka Zozungulira Mafuta
Pankhani ya kuwonongeka kwa dera lamafuta mu malo opangira makina, ndikofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa mayendedwe amafuta amtundu uliwonse. Choyamba, onani ngati pali zochitika monga kusweka kapena kusweka kwa mapaipi amafuta. Ngati chiwopsezo cha chitoliro chamafuta chikupezeka, mapaipi amafuta ayenera kusinthidwa malinga ndi zomwe akupanga komanso zida. Chachiwiri, yang'anani ngati manifolds amafuta ndi osatsekeka, ngati pali deformation kapena blockage. Kwa manifold otsekedwa amafuta, mpweya woponderezedwa kapena zida zapadera zoyeretsera zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeretsa. Ngati mafuta ochuluka awonongeka kwambiri, atsopano ayenera kusinthidwa. Pambuyo pokonza dera lamafuta, kuyezetsa magazi kuyenera kuchitidwa kuti mafuta opaka mafuta aziyenda bwino mumayendedwe amafuta.
Pankhani ya kuwonongeka kwa dera lamafuta mu malo opangira makina, ndikofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa mayendedwe amafuta amtundu uliwonse. Choyamba, onani ngati pali zochitika monga kusweka kapena kusweka kwa mapaipi amafuta. Ngati chiwopsezo cha chitoliro chamafuta chikupezeka, mapaipi amafuta ayenera kusinthidwa malinga ndi zomwe akupanga komanso zida. Chachiwiri, yang'anani ngati manifolds amafuta ndi osatsekeka, ngati pali deformation kapena blockage. Kwa manifold otsekedwa amafuta, mpweya woponderezedwa kapena zida zapadera zoyeretsera zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeretsa. Ngati mafuta ochuluka awonongeka kwambiri, atsopano ayenera kusinthidwa. Pambuyo pokonza dera lamafuta, kuyezetsa magazi kuyenera kuchitidwa kuti mafuta opaka mafuta aziyenda bwino mumayendedwe amafuta.
(D) Njira Zoyeretsera Zotsekera Sefa Yosefera mu Pump Core
Mukamatsuka chophimba chosefera cha pampu yamafuta, chotsani kaye mpope wamafuta kuchokera pamakina ndikuchotsa mosamala chowonera. Zilowerereni chotchinga chosefera mu choyeretsera chapadera ndikuchitsuka pang'onopang'ono ndi burashi yofewa kuti muchotse zonyansa pazithunzi zosefera. Mukamaliza kuyeretsa, muzimutsuka ndi madzi oyera ndikuumitsa mumlengalenga kapena kuwuwumitsa ndi mpweya woponderezedwa. Mukayika chophimba cha fyuluta, onetsetsani kuti malo ake oyika ndi olondola ndipo chisindikizocho ndi chabwino kuti zonyansa zisalowenso mu mpope wamafuta.
Mukamatsuka chophimba chosefera cha pampu yamafuta, chotsani kaye mpope wamafuta kuchokera pamakina ndikuchotsa mosamala chowonera. Zilowerereni chotchinga chosefera mu choyeretsera chapadera ndikuchitsuka pang'onopang'ono ndi burashi yofewa kuti muchotse zonyansa pazithunzi zosefera. Mukamaliza kuyeretsa, muzimutsuka ndi madzi oyera ndikuumitsa mumlengalenga kapena kuwuwumitsa ndi mpweya woponderezedwa. Mukayika chophimba cha fyuluta, onetsetsani kuti malo ake oyika ndi olondola ndipo chisindikizocho ndi chabwino kuti zonyansa zisalowenso mu mpope wamafuta.
(E) Kuthetsa Vuto la Ubwino wa Mafuta a Sitima Yapamtunda
Zikapezeka kuti mtundu wa mafuta owongolera njanji yogulidwa ndi kasitomala umaposa muyezo, mafuta owongolera njanji oyenerera omwe amakwaniritsa zofunikira za mpope wamafuta ayenera kusinthidwa nthawi yomweyo. Mukasankha mafuta owongolera njanji, tchulani malingaliro a wopanga zida zamakina ndikusankha mafuta owongolera njanji okhala ndi mamasukidwe oyenera, machitidwe abwino odana ndi kuvala komanso ntchito ya antioxidant. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, tcherani khutu ku mtundu ndi mbiri yabwino ya mafuta otsogolera njanji kuti atsimikizire khalidwe lake lokhazikika komanso lodalirika.
Zikapezeka kuti mtundu wa mafuta owongolera njanji yogulidwa ndi kasitomala umaposa muyezo, mafuta owongolera njanji oyenerera omwe amakwaniritsa zofunikira za mpope wamafuta ayenera kusinthidwa nthawi yomweyo. Mukasankha mafuta owongolera njanji, tchulani malingaliro a wopanga zida zamakina ndikusankha mafuta owongolera njanji okhala ndi mamasukidwe oyenera, machitidwe abwino odana ndi kuvala komanso ntchito ya antioxidant. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, tcherani khutu ku mtundu ndi mbiri yabwino ya mafuta otsogolera njanji kuti atsimikizire khalidwe lake lokhazikika komanso lodalirika.
(F) Kusintha Njira Yopangira Kuyika Molakwika Nthawi Yopangira Mafuta
Pamene nthawi yothira mafuta a pampu ya njanji yowongolera imayikidwa molakwika, ndikofunikira kukonzanso nthawi yoyenera yothira mafuta. Choyamba, mvetsetsani mawonekedwe ogwirira ntchito ndi zosowa zokometsera za chida cha makina, ndikuzindikira nthawi yoyenera yopaka mafuta ndi nthawi imodzi yothira mafuta molingana ndi zinthu monga ukadaulo wopangira, kuthamanga kwa chida cha makina, ndi katundu. Kenako, lowetsani mawonekedwe amtundu wamakina owongolera zida zamakina, pezani magawo okhudzana ndi nthawi yopaka mafuta papampu yamafuta owongolera, ndikusintha. Zosinthazo zikamalizidwa, chitani mayeso enieni opangira, yang'anani momwe mafuta amakhudzira, ndikusintha bwino malinga ndi momwe zilili kuti muwonetsetse kuti nthawi yopaka mafuta yakhazikitsidwa moyenera.
Pamene nthawi yothira mafuta a pampu ya njanji yowongolera imayikidwa molakwika, ndikofunikira kukonzanso nthawi yoyenera yothira mafuta. Choyamba, mvetsetsani mawonekedwe ogwirira ntchito ndi zosowa zokometsera za chida cha makina, ndikuzindikira nthawi yoyenera yopaka mafuta ndi nthawi imodzi yothira mafuta molingana ndi zinthu monga ukadaulo wopangira, kuthamanga kwa chida cha makina, ndi katundu. Kenako, lowetsani mawonekedwe amtundu wamakina owongolera zida zamakina, pezani magawo okhudzana ndi nthawi yopaka mafuta papampu yamafuta owongolera, ndikusintha. Zosinthazo zikamalizidwa, chitani mayeso enieni opangira, yang'anani momwe mafuta amakhudzira, ndikusintha bwino malinga ndi momwe zilili kuti muwonetsetse kuti nthawi yopaka mafuta yakhazikitsidwa moyenera.
(G) Njira Zothetsera Kuchulukira Kwa Pampu Yodula Mafuta
Pankhani yomwe wophwanya dera mu bokosi lamagetsi amayenda chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa pampu yamafuta odulira, fufuzani kaye ngati pali zida zamakina zomwe zakhazikika pampopi yamafuta odula. Mwachitsanzo, yang'anani ngati shaft ya pampu imatha kuzungulira momasuka komanso ngati choponderacho chimakakamira ndi zinthu zakunja. Ngati zida zamakina zipezeka kuti zakakamira, yeretsani zinthu zakunja munthawi yake, konzani kapena kusintha zida zowonongeka kuti mpope azizungulira bwino. Pa nthawi yomweyo, onaninso ngati mamasukidwe akayendedwe a madzimadzi odulidwa ndi oyenera. Ngati mamasukidwe amadzimadzi odulidwawo ndi okwera kwambiri, ayenera kuchepetsedwa kapena kusinthidwa moyenera. Mukachotsa kulephera kwamakina ndikudula zovuta zamadzimadzi, yambitsaninso chowotcha ndikuyambitsanso pampu yamafuta odulira kuti muwone ngati kuthamanga kwake kuli bwino.
Pankhani yomwe wophwanya dera mu bokosi lamagetsi amayenda chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa pampu yamafuta odulira, fufuzani kaye ngati pali zida zamakina zomwe zakhazikika pampopi yamafuta odula. Mwachitsanzo, yang'anani ngati shaft ya pampu imatha kuzungulira momasuka komanso ngati choponderacho chimakakamira ndi zinthu zakunja. Ngati zida zamakina zipezeka kuti zakakamira, yeretsani zinthu zakunja munthawi yake, konzani kapena kusintha zida zowonongeka kuti mpope azizungulira bwino. Pa nthawi yomweyo, onaninso ngati mamasukidwe akayendedwe a madzimadzi odulidwa ndi oyenera. Ngati mamasukidwe amadzimadzi odulidwawo ndi okwera kwambiri, ayenera kuchepetsedwa kapena kusinthidwa moyenera. Mukachotsa kulephera kwamakina ndikudula zovuta zamadzimadzi, yambitsaninso chowotcha ndikuyambitsanso pampu yamafuta odulira kuti muwone ngati kuthamanga kwake kuli bwino.
(H) Njira Yoyendetsera Kutayikira kwa Mpweya Pamalo Ophatikizana Pampu ya Mafuta Odula
Pavuto lakutuluka kwa mpweya pamalumikizidwe a pampu yamafuta odulira, yang'anani mosamala maulalo omwe mpweya umatuluka. Yang'anani ngati mfundozo ndi zomasuka. Ngati ali omasuka, gwiritsani ntchito wrench kuti muwakhwime. Pa nthawi yomweyi, fufuzani ngati zisindikizozo zakalamba kapena zowonongeka. Ngati zisindikizozo zawonongeka, zisintheni ndi zatsopano panthawi yake. Mukalumikizanso mfundozo, gwiritsani ntchito madzi a sopo kapena zida zapadera zowunikira kuti muwone ngati mpweya udakalipo pamalumikizidwe kuti mutsindike bwino.
Pavuto lakutuluka kwa mpweya pamalumikizidwe a pampu yamafuta odulira, yang'anani mosamala maulalo omwe mpweya umatuluka. Yang'anani ngati mfundozo ndi zomasuka. Ngati ali omasuka, gwiritsani ntchito wrench kuti muwakhwime. Pa nthawi yomweyi, fufuzani ngati zisindikizozo zakalamba kapena zowonongeka. Ngati zisindikizozo zawonongeka, zisintheni ndi zatsopano panthawi yake. Mukalumikizanso mfundozo, gwiritsani ntchito madzi a sopo kapena zida zapadera zowunikira kuti muwone ngati mpweya udakalipo pamalumikizidwe kuti mutsindike bwino.
(I) Njira Zothetsera Kuwonongeka kwa Vavu ya Njira Imodzi ya Pumpu Yodula Mafuta
Onani ngati valavu ya njira imodzi ya pampu yamafuta odulira yatsekedwa kapena yawonongeka. Valve yanjira imodzi imatha kuchotsedwa ndikuwunika ngati valavu yapakati imatha kusuntha komanso ngati mpando wa valve wasindikizidwa bwino. Ngati valve ya njira imodzi imapezeka kuti yatsekedwa, zonyansa zimatha kuchotsedwa ndi mpweya woponderezedwa kapena oyeretsa; ngati valavu yavulazidwa kapena mpando wa valve wawonongeka, valavu yatsopano ya njira imodzi iyenera kusinthidwa. Mukayika valavu ya njira imodzi, tcherani khutu ku njira yake yoyenera yopangira kuti muwonetsetse kuti nthawi zambiri imatha kuyendetsa kayendedwe ka unidirectional kwa madzi odula.
Onani ngati valavu ya njira imodzi ya pampu yamafuta odulira yatsekedwa kapena yawonongeka. Valve yanjira imodzi imatha kuchotsedwa ndikuwunika ngati valavu yapakati imatha kusuntha komanso ngati mpando wa valve wasindikizidwa bwino. Ngati valve ya njira imodzi imapezeka kuti yatsekedwa, zonyansa zimatha kuchotsedwa ndi mpweya woponderezedwa kapena oyeretsa; ngati valavu yavulazidwa kapena mpando wa valve wawonongeka, valavu yatsopano ya njira imodzi iyenera kusinthidwa. Mukayika valavu ya njira imodzi, tcherani khutu ku njira yake yoyenera yopangira kuti muwonetsetse kuti nthawi zambiri imatha kuyendetsa kayendedwe ka unidirectional kwa madzi odula.
(J) Mayankhidwe a Dongosolo Lalifupi mu Koyilo Yamoto ya Pampu Yodula Mafuta
Kuzungulira kwakufupi mu koyilo yamoto ya pampu yamafuta odulira kuzindikirika, makina opangira mafuta odulira amayenera kusinthidwa munthawi yake. Musanalowe m'malo mwa injini, choyamba muzidula magetsi a chida cha makina kuti mutsimikizire chitetezo cha ntchito. Kenako, sankhani ndikugula mota yatsopano yoyenera molingana ndi mtundu wake komanso mawonekedwe ake. Mukayika injini yatsopano, samalani ndi malo ake oyikapo komanso njira yolumikizira ma waya kuti muwonetsetse kuti injiniyo imayikidwa molimba komanso mawayawo ndi olondola. Pambuyo kukhazikitsa, yendetsani zolakwika ndikuyesa kuyendetsa galimoto, ndikuwunika ngati magawo monga mayendedwe ozungulira, liwiro lozungulira, ndi momwe injiniyo ilili ndizabwinobwino.
Kuzungulira kwakufupi mu koyilo yamoto ya pampu yamafuta odulira kuzindikirika, makina opangira mafuta odulira amayenera kusinthidwa munthawi yake. Musanalowe m'malo mwa injini, choyamba muzidula magetsi a chida cha makina kuti mutsimikizire chitetezo cha ntchito. Kenako, sankhani ndikugula mota yatsopano yoyenera molingana ndi mtundu wake komanso mawonekedwe ake. Mukayika injini yatsopano, samalani ndi malo ake oyikapo komanso njira yolumikizira ma waya kuti muwonetsetse kuti injiniyo imayikidwa molimba komanso mawayawo ndi olondola. Pambuyo kukhazikitsa, yendetsani zolakwika ndikuyesa kuyendetsa galimoto, ndikuwunika ngati magawo monga mayendedwe ozungulira, liwiro lozungulira, ndi momwe injiniyo ilili ndizabwinobwino.
(K) Njira Yowongolerera Njira Yosinthira Njira Yagalimoto ya Pampu Yodulira Mafuta
Zikapezeka kuti mayendedwe ozungulira a injini yapampu yamafuta odulira akutsutsana, choyamba yang'anani ngati waya wagalimotoyo ndi wolondola. Yang'anani ngati kulumikizidwa kwa zingwe zamagetsi kumakwaniritsa zofunikira potengera chithunzi cha mawaya amoto. Ngati pali zolakwika, zikonzeni munthawi yake. Ngati mawaya ali olondola koma galimotoyo ikuzungulirabe kwinakwake, pakhoza kukhala cholakwika mu dongosolo lolamulira, ndipo kuyang'anitsitsa ndi kukonzanso kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake kumafunika. Pambuyo pokonza njira yozungulira ya injini, yesani kuyesa kwapope yamafuta odulira kuti muwonetsetse kuti imatha kugwira ntchito bwino.
Zikapezeka kuti mayendedwe ozungulira a injini yapampu yamafuta odulira akutsutsana, choyamba yang'anani ngati waya wagalimotoyo ndi wolondola. Yang'anani ngati kulumikizidwa kwa zingwe zamagetsi kumakwaniritsa zofunikira potengera chithunzi cha mawaya amoto. Ngati pali zolakwika, zikonzeni munthawi yake. Ngati mawaya ali olondola koma galimotoyo ikuzungulirabe kwinakwake, pakhoza kukhala cholakwika mu dongosolo lolamulira, ndipo kuyang'anitsitsa ndi kukonzanso kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake kumafunika. Pambuyo pokonza njira yozungulira ya injini, yesani kuyesa kwapope yamafuta odulira kuti muwonetsetse kuti imatha kugwira ntchito bwino.
III. Kuganizira Kwapadera ndi Malo Ogwiritsira Ntchito Oil System mu Machining Centers
(A) Kuwongolera Kuyikira Mafuta kwa Dera la Mafuta Ndi Zigawo Zosunga Kupanikizika
Pakuzungulira kwamafuta pogwiritsa ntchito zida zosungira kupanikizika, ndikofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwamafuta pampopu yamafuta panthawi yobaya mafuta. Pamene nthawi yothira mafuta ikuwonjezeka, kuthamanga kwa mafuta kudzakwera pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kuthamanga kwa mafuta kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa mkati mwa 200 - 250. Ngati kuthamanga kwa mafuta kuli kochepa kwambiri, kungayambitsidwe ndi zifukwa monga kutsekeka kwa chophimba cha fyuluta pachimake cha pampu, kutayika kwa mafuta ozungulira kapena kulephera kwa valve yothamanga ya mafuta, ndipo m'pofunika kuchita 排查 ndi mankhwala omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa; ngati kuthamanga kwa mafuta kuli kwakukulu, chitoliro chamafuta chikhoza kupirira kupanikizika kwambiri ndikuphulika. Panthawiyi, m'pofunika kuyang'ana ngati valavu ya mafuta ikugwira ntchito bwino ndikusintha kapena kuisintha ngati kuli kofunikira. Kuchuluka kwa mafuta a chigawo ichi chosungira kupanikizika kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kapangidwe kake, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe amapopedwa panthawi imodzi kumagwirizana ndi kukula kwa chigawo chokakamiza osati nthawi yopaka mafuta. Kuthamanga kwamafuta kukafika pamlingo, gawo lopondereza limafinya mafutawo mupaipi yamafuta kuti akwaniritse zokometsera zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamakina.
Pakuzungulira kwamafuta pogwiritsa ntchito zida zosungira kupanikizika, ndikofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwamafuta pampopu yamafuta panthawi yobaya mafuta. Pamene nthawi yothira mafuta ikuwonjezeka, kuthamanga kwa mafuta kudzakwera pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kuthamanga kwa mafuta kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa mkati mwa 200 - 250. Ngati kuthamanga kwa mafuta kuli kochepa kwambiri, kungayambitsidwe ndi zifukwa monga kutsekeka kwa chophimba cha fyuluta pachimake cha pampu, kutayika kwa mafuta ozungulira kapena kulephera kwa valve yothamanga ya mafuta, ndipo m'pofunika kuchita 排查 ndi mankhwala omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa; ngati kuthamanga kwa mafuta kuli kwakukulu, chitoliro chamafuta chikhoza kupirira kupanikizika kwambiri ndikuphulika. Panthawiyi, m'pofunika kuyang'ana ngati valavu ya mafuta ikugwira ntchito bwino ndikusintha kapena kuisintha ngati kuli kofunikira. Kuchuluka kwa mafuta a chigawo ichi chosungira kupanikizika kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kapangidwe kake, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mafuta omwe amapopedwa panthawi imodzi kumagwirizana ndi kukula kwa chigawo chokakamiza osati nthawi yopaka mafuta. Kuthamanga kwamafuta kukafika pamlingo, gawo lopondereza limafinya mafutawo mupaipi yamafuta kuti akwaniritse zokometsera zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamakina.
(B) Kukhazikitsa Nthawi Yopangira Mafuta kwa Gawo la Mafuta la Zida Zosakakamiza-Kusunga
Ngati dera lamafuta la malo opangira makina silili gawo lolimbikitsira, nthawi yothira mafuta iyenera kukhazikitsidwa nokha malinga ndi momwe zida zimakhalira. Nthawi zambiri, nthawi yothira mafuta imodzi imatha kukhala pafupifupi masekondi 15, ndipo nthawi yothira mafuta imakhala pakati pa 30 ndi 40 mphindi. Komabe, ngati chida chamakina chili ndi njanji yolimba, chifukwa chakukangana kwakukulu kwa njanji yolimba komanso zofunika zapamwamba pakupaka mafuta, nthawi yopaka mafuta iyenera kufupikitsidwa moyenerera mpaka pafupifupi 20 - 30 mphindi. Ngati nthawi yothira mafuta ndi yayitali kwambiri, zokutira zapulasitiki pamtunda wa njanji yolimba zitha kuwotchedwa chifukwa chamafuta osakwanira, zomwe zimakhudza kulondola komanso moyo wautumiki wa chida cha makina. Poika nthawi yopaka mafuta ndi nthawi, zinthu monga malo ogwirira ntchito ndi kusungirako katundu wa makina opangira makina ziyeneranso kuganiziridwa, ndipo kusintha koyenera kuyenera kupangidwa malinga ndi momwe mafuta amathandizira.
Ngati dera lamafuta la malo opangira makina silili gawo lolimbikitsira, nthawi yothira mafuta iyenera kukhazikitsidwa nokha malinga ndi momwe zida zimakhalira. Nthawi zambiri, nthawi yothira mafuta imodzi imatha kukhala pafupifupi masekondi 15, ndipo nthawi yothira mafuta imakhala pakati pa 30 ndi 40 mphindi. Komabe, ngati chida chamakina chili ndi njanji yolimba, chifukwa chakukangana kwakukulu kwa njanji yolimba komanso zofunika zapamwamba pakupaka mafuta, nthawi yopaka mafuta iyenera kufupikitsidwa moyenerera mpaka pafupifupi 20 - 30 mphindi. Ngati nthawi yothira mafuta ndi yayitali kwambiri, zokutira zapulasitiki pamtunda wa njanji yolimba zitha kuwotchedwa chifukwa chamafuta osakwanira, zomwe zimakhudza kulondola komanso moyo wautumiki wa chida cha makina. Poika nthawi yopaka mafuta ndi nthawi, zinthu monga malo ogwirira ntchito ndi kusungirako katundu wa makina opangira makina ziyeneranso kuganiziridwa, ndipo kusintha koyenera kuyenera kupangidwa malinga ndi momwe mafuta amathandizira.
Pomaliza, kugwira ntchito bwino kwa mpope wamafuta m'malo opangira makina ndikofunikira kuti chida cha makina chizigwira ntchito mokhazikika. Kumvetsetsa zomwe zimayambitsa kulephera kwa mpope wamafuta ndi mayankho awo, komanso kudziwa zofunikira zapadera ndi malo opangira mafuta pakatikati pa makina, kungathandize akatswiri okonza makinawo kuthana ndi kulephera kwa mpope wamafuta munthawi yake komanso moyenera pakupanga tsiku ndi tsiku, kuwonetsetsa kuti malo opangira makinawa akugwira ntchito bwino, kukonza magwiridwe antchito ndi mtundu wazinthu, ndikuchepetsa mtengo wokonza zida ndi nthawi yopumira. Nthawi yomweyo, kukonza nthawi zonse pampu yamafuta ndi makina opaka mafuta m'malo opangira makina, monga kuyang'ana kuchuluka kwamafuta, kuyeretsa zosefera, ndikusintha zisindikizo, ndiyenso njira yofunikira popewa kulephera kwa mpope wamafuta. Kupyolera mu kasamalidwe ka sayansi ndi kukonza, malo opangira makina nthawi zonse amatha kukhala bwino, kupereka chithandizo champhamvu cha zida zopangira ndi kupanga mabizinesi.
Pantchito yeniyeni, mukakumana ndi kulephera kwa mpope wamafuta m'malo opangira makina, ogwira ntchito yosamalira ayenera kukhala odekha ndikuchita kafukufuku wolakwika ndi kukonza molingana ndi mfundo yoyambira zosavuta kenako zovuta komanso zofufuza pang'onopang'ono. Pitirizani kudziunjikira zokumana nazo, sinthani luso lawo laukadaulo komanso luso loyendetsa zolakwika kuti athe kuthana ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana zolephera pampu yamafuta. Pokhapokha ngati makina opangira makina amatha kuchita bwino kwambiri pantchito yamakina ndikupanga phindu lalikulu lazachuma kwa mabizinesi.