Kodi mumadziwa mavuto omwe amabwera ndi njira zothetsera machining a dzenje lakuya la zida zodulira m'malo opangira makina?

"Mavuto Odziwika ndi Mayankho a Zakuya Zakuya Zazida Zodulira M'ma Machining Center"

1. Mbali yakunja yopangidwa ndi reamer ndi yayikulu kwambiri kapena pali ma burrs pamphepete mwa reamer.
2. Liwiro lodula ndilokwera kwambiri.
3. Mtengo wa chakudya ndi wosayenera kapena ndalama zogulira makina ndizokulirapo.
4. Mbali yayikulu yokhotakhota ya remer ndi yayikulu kwambiri.
5. Wobwezeretsayo wapindika.
6. Pali zomangika m'mphepete zomwe zimamangiriridwa pamphepete mwa remer.
7. The runout wa reamer kudula m'mphepete pa akupera kuposa kulolerana.
8. Madzi odulidwa amasankhidwa molakwika.
9. Mukayika reamer, madontho amafuta pa taper shank samapukutidwa kapena pali madontho pamwamba pa taper.
10. Pambuyo pa mchira wathyathyathya wa taper shank ndi kusamitsidwa ndikuyikidwa mu makina opangira makina, taper shank ndi taper zimasokoneza.
11. Ulusi wopota umakhala wopindika kapena wopindika kwambiri kapena wowonongeka.
12. Kuyandama kwa reamer sikusinthika.
13. Pamene dzanja likubwereranso, mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi manja onse awiri sizikhala zofanana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti wobwezeretsayo agwedezeke kumanzere ndi kumanja.
    (B) Zothetsera
14. Malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili, chepetsani m'mimba mwake kunja kwa reamer kuti muwonetsetse kuti kukula kwa chida kumakwaniritsa zofunikira za mapangidwe. Musanayambe kukonza, yang'anani mosamala reamer ndikuchotsa ma burrs pamphepete kuti muwonetsetse kuti chidacho ndi cholondola komanso cholondola.
15. Chepetsani liwiro lodula. Kuthamanga kwambiri kumapangitsa kuti zida ziwonjezeke, kukula kwa dzenje, ndi zina. Malinga ndi makina osiyanasiyana zipangizo ndi mitundu zida, kusankha yoyenera kudula liwiro kuonetsetsa processing khalidwe ndi moyo chida.
16. Moyenera sinthani kuchuluka kwa chakudya kapena kuchepetsa ndalama zogulira. Kuchuluka kwa chakudya kapena kupatsidwa kwa makina kumawonjezera mphamvu yodulira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti dzenje lichuluke. Ndi bwino kusintha magawo processing, dzenje awiri akhoza bwino ankalamulira.
17. Moyenera kuchepetsa mbali yaikulu yokhotakhota. Mbali yayikulu kwambiri yokhotakhota imapangitsa kuti mphamvu yodulira ikhazikike mbali imodzi ya chida, zomwe zimatsogolera pakukulitsa dzenje ndi kuvala kwa zida. Malinga ndi zofunikira pakukonza, sankhani mbali yoyenera yokhotakhota kuti muwongolere kulondola komanso moyo wa zida.
18. Kwa chowongolera chopindika, chiwongoleni kapena chichotseni. Chida chopindika sichingatsimikizire kulondola kwa kukonza komanso kuwononga chogwirira ntchito ndi chida cha makina.
19. Valani mosamala mbali yodula ya remer ndi mwala wamafuta kuti muchotse m'mphepete mwake ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mbali yodulirayo ndi yosalala komanso yosalala. Kukhalapo kwa m'mphepete mwake kumakhudza momwe mawondo amapangidwira ndikupangitsa kuti m'mimba mwake mukhale wosakhazikika.
20. Yang'anirani kuthamanga kwa remer kudula m'mphepete panthawi yopera mkati mwazololedwa. Kuthamanga kwambiri kumapangitsa kuti chidacho chigwedezeke panthawi yokonza ndikukhudza kulondola kwa kukonza.
21. Sankhani madzi odulira okhala ndi kuzizira bwino. Oyenera kudula madzimadzi akhoza kuchepetsa kudula kutentha, kuchepetsa chida kuvala, ndi kusintha processing pamwamba khalidwe. Malinga ndi zinthu Machining ndi zofunika processing, kusankha yoyenera kudula madzimadzi mtundu ndi ndende.
22. Musanayike chowongolera, madontho amafuta mkati mwa taper shank ya reamer ndi bowo la chopondera cha chida cha makina ayenera kupukutidwa. Kumene kuli ming'alu pamtunda, valani ndi mwala wamafuta. Onetsetsani kuti chida chokhazikika komanso molondola anaika kupewa mavuto processing chifukwa cha unsembe molakwika.
23. Pogaya mchira wathyathyathya wa chowongolera kuti muwonetsetse kulondola kwake ndi spindle ya chida cha makina. Mchira wophwanyidwa molakwika umapangitsa kuti chidacho chisasunthike pakukonzekera komanso kukhudza kulondola kwa kukonza.
24. Sinthani kapena sinthani chotengera cha spindle. Zozungulira zotayirira kapena zowonongeka zimatsogolera ku kupindika kwa spindle ndipo motero zimakhudza kulondola kwa kukonza. Nthawi zonse yang'anani momwe ma bere a spindle alili ndikusintha kapena kuwasintha munthawi yake.
25. Konzani chuck yoyandama ndikusintha coaxiality. Onetsetsani kuti reamer ndi coaxial ndi workpiece kupewa kukulitsa dzenje m'mimba mwake ndi kukonza mavuto apamwamba pamwamba chifukwa kusakhala coaxiality.
26. Pamene mukukwezanso dzanja, samalani kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu mofanana ndi manja onse awiri kuti cholumikiziracho chisagwedezeke kumanzere ndi kumanja. Njira zolondola zogwirira ntchito zitha kupititsa patsogolo kulondola kwa kukonza komanso moyo wa zida.

1. Diyoni lakunja lopangidwa la remer ndilochepa kwambiri.
2. Liwiro lodula ndilotsika kwambiri.
3. Mtengo wa chakudya ndi waukulu kwambiri.
4. Mbali yayikulu yokhotakhota ya remer ndiyochepa kwambiri.
5. Madzi odulidwa amasankhidwa molakwika.
6. Panthawi yopera, gawo lomwe lawonongeka la reamer silimachotsedwa, ndipo kubwezeretsa zotanuka kumachepetsa m'mimba mwake.
7. Pamene reming zitsulo mbali, ngati malipiro ndi lalikulu kwambiri kapena reamer si lakuthwa, zotanuka kuchira sachedwa kuchitika, kuchepetsa m'mimba mwake.
8. Mdzenje wamkati si wozungulira, ndipo m'mimba mwake wa dzenje ndi wosayenerera.
   (B) Zothetsera
9. Bwezerani m'mimba mwake wakunja kwa chowongolera kuti muwonetsetse kuti kukula kwa chida kumakwaniritsa zofunikira zamapangidwe. Musanayambe kukonza, yesani ndi kuyang'ana reamer ndikusankha kukula kwa chida choyenera.
10. Moyenera kuonjezera kudula liwiro. Otsika kwambiri kudula liwiro kuchititsa otsika processing dzuwa ndi kuchepetsedwa dzenje awiri. Malinga ndi zida zosiyanasiyana zamakina ndi mitundu yazida, sankhani liwiro loyenera kudula.
11. Moyenera kuchepetsa mlingo wa chakudya. Kuchuluka kwa chakudya kumawonjezera mphamvu yodulira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti dzenje lichepetse. Ndi bwino kusintha magawo processing, dzenje awiri akhoza bwino ankalamulira.
12. Moyenera onjezerani mbali yaikulu yokhotakhota. Ngongole yaying'ono yopatuka imapangitsa kuti mphamvu yodulira ibalalitsidwe, zomwe zimabweretsa kuchepa kwa dzenje. Malinga ndi zofunikira pakukonza, sankhani mbali yoyenera yokhotakhota kuti muwongolere kulondola komanso moyo wa zida.
13. Sankhani madzi odulira mafuta okhala ndi ntchito yabwino yopaka mafuta. Oyenera kudula madzimadzi akhoza kuchepetsa kudula kutentha, kuchepetsa chida kuvala, ndi kusintha processing pamwamba khalidwe. Malinga ndi zinthu Machining ndi zofunika processing, kusankha yoyenera kudula madzimadzi mtundu ndi ndende.
14. Nthawi zonse sinthanani chowongolera ndikugaya bwino gawo lodulira la reamer. Chotsani gawo lomwe lawonongeka mu nthawi kuti muwonetsetse kuthwa komanso kulondola kwa chida.
15. Popanga kukula kwa remer, zinthu monga kubwezeretsa zotanuka kwa zida zamakina ziyenera kuganiziridwa, kapena zikhalidwe ziyenera kutengedwa molingana ndi momwe zilili. Malinga ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana Machining ndi zofunika processing, zomveka kupanga kukula chida ndi magawo processing.
16. Yesetsani kudula, pezani gawo loyenera, ndikugaya chowombera chakuthwa. Kudzera mayesero kudula, kudziwa mulingo woyenera kwambiri magawo processing ndi chida boma kuonetsetsa processing khalidwe.

1. Chowotchera ndi chachitali kwambiri, chosakhazikika, ndipo chimagwedezeka panthawi yokonzanso.
2. Mbali yayikulu yokhotakhota ya remer ndiyochepa kwambiri.
3. Gulu laling'ono la remer ndi lopapatiza.
4. Chilolezo chobwezeretsanso ndi chachikulu kwambiri.
5. Pali mipata ndi zopingasa pa dzenje lamkati pamwamba.
6. Pa dzenje pali mabowo amchenga ndi pores.
7. Chovala cha spindle ndi chotayirira, palibe manja owongolera, kapena cholozera pakati pa chowongolera ndi chowongolera ndi chachikulu kwambiri.
8. Chifukwa chotchinga chotchinga chokhala ndi mipanda yopyapyala chomangika mwamphamvu kwambiri, chogwiriracho chimapunduka chikachotsedwa.
   (B) Zothetsera
9. Kwa wokonzanso wosalimba mokwanira, chowombezera chomwe chili ndi mawu osalingana angagwiritsidwe ntchito kukonza kulimba kwa chidacho. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kuyika kwa reamer kuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kulumikizana kolimba kuti muchepetse kugwedezeka.
10. Wonjezerani mbali yaikulu yokhotakhota. Ngongole yaying'ono yopatuka ipangitsa kuti mphamvu yodulira ibalalitsidwe, zomwe zimatsogolera ku dzenje lamkati losazungulira. Malinga ndi zofunikira pakukonza, sankhani mbali yoyenera yokhotakhota kuti muwongolere kulondola komanso moyo wa zida.
11. Sankhani reamer oyenerera ndi kulamulira dzenje malo kulolerana ndondomeko chisanadze Machining. Onetsetsani ubwino ndi kulondola kwa reamer. Pa nthawi yomweyo, mosamalitsa kulamulira dzenje udindo kulolerana mu ndondomeko chisanadze Machining kupereka maziko abwino kwa reaming.
12. Gwiritsani ntchito chowongolera ndi mawu osalingana ndi dzanja lalitali komanso lolondola kwambiri. Chowotchera chokhala ndi mawu osalingana chimatha kuchepetsa kugwedezeka, ndipo dzanja lalitali komanso lolondola kwambiri limatha kuwongolera kulondola kwa chowongolera, potero kuwonetsetsa kuzungulira kwa bowo lamkati.
13. Sankhani chosoweka choyenerera kuti mupewe zolakwika monga mipata, mabowo opingasa, mabowo amchenga, ndi ma pores pa dzenje lamkati. Musanayambe kukonza, yang'anani ndikuyang'ana zomwe zikusowekapo kuti muwonetsetse kuti mtundu wopanda kanthu ukukwaniritsa zofunikira.
14. Sinthani kapena sinthani chotengera cha spindle kuti muwonetsetse kulondola ndi kukhazikika kwa spindle. Ngati mulibe cholozera, ikani cholozera choyenerera ndikuwongolera kukwanira pakati pa chowongolera ndi chowongolera.
15. Pamipando yopyapyala yokhala ndi mipanda yopyapyala, njira yoyenera yolumikizira iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti muchepetse mphamvu yotchinga ndikupewa kupunduka kwa workpiece. Pa processing, kulabadira kulamulira magawo processing kuchepetsa chikoka cha kudula mphamvu pa workpiece.

1. Kuchuluka kwa reming allowance.
2. Mbali yakumbuyo ya gawo lodulira la reamer ndi yayikulu kwambiri.
3. Gulu laling'ono la remer ndi lalikulu kwambiri.
4. Pali pores ndi mchenga mabowo pamwamba workpiece.
5. Kuthamanga kwambiri kwa spindle.
   (B) Zothetsera
6. Chepetsani chilolezo chobwezeretsanso. Chilolezo chochulukirapo chidzawonjezera mphamvu yodulira ndikupangitsa kuti zitunda zifike pamtunda wamkati. Malinga ndi zofunika processing, momveka kudziwa reming allowance.
7. Chepetsani mbali yakumbuyo ya gawo lodulidwa. Kumbuyo kokulirapo kumapangitsa kuti m'mphepete mwake mukhale chakuthwa kwambiri komanso kukhala ndi zitunda. Malinga ndi zinthu Machining ndi zofunika processing, kusankha yoyenera kumbuyo ngodya kukula.
8. Pogaya m'lifupi gulu la m'mphepete mwake. Gulu lalikulu kwambiri lodula limapangitsa kuti mphamvu yodulira ikhale yosafanana ndipo imatsogolera mosavuta ku zitunda zamkati. Pogaya m'lifupi mwa gulu lodula, pangani mphamvu yodula yunifolomu.
9. Sankhani oyenerera akusowekapo kupewa zolakwika monga pores ndi mchenga mabowo pa workpiece pamwamba. Musanayambe kukonza, yang'anani ndikuyang'ana zomwe zikusowekapo kuti muwonetsetse kuti mtundu wopanda kanthu ukukwaniritsa zofunikira.
10. Sinthani nsonga ya chida cha makina kuti muchepetse kutha kwa spindle. Kuthamanga kwambiri kwa spindle kumapangitsa kuti chowongoleracho chigwedezeke panthawi yokonza komanso kukhudza kukonzedwa kwapamwamba. Yang'anani nthawi zonse ndikusintha spindle ya chida cha makina kuti muwonetsetse kuti ndi yolondola komanso yokhazikika.

1. Kudula kwambiri liwiro.
2. Molakwika anasankha kudula madzimadzi.
3. Mbali yayikulu yokhotakhota ya reamer ndi yayikulu kwambiri, ndipo m'mphepete mwa remer sali mozungulira momwemo.
4. Kuchuluka kwa reming allowance.
5. Chilolezo chosiyanitsidwa kapena chochepa kwambiri, ndipo malo ena samasinthidwanso.
6. Kuthamanga kwa gawo locheka la reamer kumaposa kulekerera, kudulidwa sikuli lakuthwa, ndipo pamwamba pake ndi yovuta.
7. Gulu laling'ono la remer ndi lalikulu kwambiri.
8. Kuchotsa bwino kwa chip panthawi yokonzanso.
9. Kuvala kwambiri kwa reamer.
10. Chowotchacho chawonongeka, ndipo pamakhala ma burrs kapena m'mphepete mwake.
11. Pali malire omangika pamphepete.
12. Chifukwa cha ubale wazinthu, zero reke angle kapena negative rake angle reamers sizikugwira ntchito.
    (B) Zothetsera
13. Chepetsani liwiro lodula. Kuthamanga kwambiri kumapangitsa kuti zida ziwonjezeke komanso kuchuluka kwa roughness. Malinga ndi zida zosiyanasiyana zamakina ndi mitundu yazida, sankhani liwiro loyenera kudula.
14. Sankhani madzi odulira molingana ndi makina opangira. Oyenera kudula madzimadzi akhoza kuchepetsa kudula kutentha, kuchepetsa chida kuvala, ndi kusintha processing pamwamba khalidwe. Malinga ndi zinthu Machining ndi zofunika processing, kusankha yoyenera kudula madzimadzi mtundu ndi ndende.
15. Moyenera, chepetsani mbali yayikulu yokhotakhota ndikugaya m'mphepete mwa remer kuti muwonetsetse kuti m'mphepete mwake muli gawo lomwelo. Mbali yayikulu kwambiri yokhotakhota kapena m'mphepete mwake osati pa circumference yomwe imapangitsa kuti mphamvu yodulira ikhale yosagwirizana komanso kukhudza kukonzedwa kwapamwamba.
16. Moyenera kuchepetsa reming allowance. Kuloledwa kochulukira kumawonjezera mphamvu yodulira ndikupangitsa kuti pakhale kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwapamwamba. Malinga ndi zofunika processing, momveka kudziwa reming allowance.
17. Limbikitsani kulondola kwa malo ndi kukongola kwa dzenje la pansi musanakonzenso kapena muwonjezere chilolezo chobwezeretsanso kuti mutsimikizire kuti malowo ndi ofanana komanso kupewa kuti malo ena asawonekerenso.
18. Sankhani wokonzanso woyenerera, fufuzani nthawi zonse ndikugaya chowongolera kuti muwonetsetse kuti kutha kwa gawo lodula kuli mkati mwa kulekerera, m'mphepete mwake ndi lakuthwa, ndipo pamwamba pake ndi yosalala.
19. Pogaya m'lifupi mwake gulu la m'mphepete mwake kuti mupewe kukhudzidwa ndi gulu lalikulu kwambiri lodulira. Malinga ndi zofunika processing, kusankha yoyenera kudula m'mphepete bandi m'lifupi.
20. Malinga ndi momwe zilili, chepetsani kuchuluka kwa mano a reamer, onjezerani malo a chip kapena gwiritsani ntchito chowongolera chokhala ndi njira yochepetsera kuti mutsimikizire kuchotsedwa kwa chip. Kuchotsa koyipa kwa chip kumabweretsa kudzikundikira kwa chip ndikukhudza kuwongolera kwapamwamba.
21. Nthawi zonse sinthani chowongolera kuti musavulale kwambiri. Pokonza, tcherani khutu kuyang'ana momwe chida chikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndikusintha chida chowonongeka kwambiri panthawi yake.
22. Pakupera, kugwiritsa ntchito, ndi kusuntha kwa reamer, njira zodzitetezera ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti zisawonongeke. Kwa chowotchera chowonongeka, gwiritsani ntchito mwala wonyezimira bwino kwambiri wamafuta kuti mukonzenso chowotcha chomwe chawonongeka kapena m'malo mwake.
23. Chotsani malire omangika pamphepete mwa nthawi. Kukhalapo kwa m'mphepete mwake kumakhudza momwe amadulira ndikupangitsa kuti pakhale chiwopsezo chambiri. Mwa kusintha magawo odulira ndikusankha madzi odulira oyenera, kubadwa kwa m'mphepete mwake kumatha kuchepetsedwa.
24. Pazinthu zomwe sizoyenera zero reke angle kapena negative rake angle reamers, sankhani chida choyenera ndi magawo opangira. Malingana ndi makhalidwe a makina opangira makina, sankhani chida choyenera ndi njira yopangira kuti muwonetsetse kuti ntchitoyo imakhala yabwino.

1. Zolakwika reamer.
2. The reamer amatenthedwa pamene akupera.
3. Madzi odulidwa osankhidwa molakwika, ndipo madzi odulira sangathe kuyenda bwino. Pamwamba pa roughness mtengo wa gawo kudula ndi reamer kudula m'mphepete pambuyo akupera ndi apamwamba kwambiri.
   (B) Zothetsera
4. Sankhani zinthu reamer malinga ndi Machining zakuthupi. Ma carbide reamers kapena zokutira zokutira angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Zida zosiyanasiyana zamakina zimafunikira zida zosiyanasiyana. Kusankha chida choyenera kungapangitse moyo wa chida.
5. Onetsetsani kwambiri magawo odulira panthawi yopera kuti musawotche. Pamene akupera reamer, kusankha zoyenera kudula magawo kupewa kutentha ndi kuwotcha kwa chida.
6. Nthawi zonse sankhani madzi odulira molondola malinga ndi makina opangira. Oyenera kudula madzimadzi akhoza kuchepetsa kudula kutentha, kuchepetsa chida kuvala, ndi kusintha processing pamwamba khalidwe. Onetsetsani kuti madzi odulira amatha kuyenda bwino kumalo odulirako ndikusewera gawo lake lozizirira komanso lopaka mafuta.
7. Nthawi zonse chotsani tchipisi mu chip groove ndikugwiritsa ntchito madzi odulira mwamphamvu mokwanira. Pambuyo popera bwino kapena kuwaza, kwaniritsani zofunikira. Kuchotsa tchipisi munthawi yake kumatha kupewetsa kudzikundikira kwa chip ndikusokoneza magwiridwe antchito ndi moyo wa zida. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ntchito kudula madzimadzi ndi kuthamanga mokwanira kungathandize kuzirala ndi lubricating kwenikweni.

1. Valani dzanja lowongolera.
2. Mapeto a pansi pa mkono wowongolera ali kutali kwambiri ndi chogwirira ntchito.
3. Nkhola yolondolera ndi yaifupi m'litali komanso yosalondola.
4. Zotayirira za spindle.
   (B) Zothetsera
5. Nthawi zonse sinthani manja owongolera. Chombo chowongolera chidzavala pang'onopang'ono panthawi yokonza ndikukhudza kulondola kwa kukonza. Nthawi zonse sinthani manja a kalozera kuti muwonetsetse kuti ndi zolondola komanso zowongolera.
6. Lilikitsani dzanja lolondolera ndikuwongolera kulondola koyenera pakati pa dzanja lowongolera ndi chilolezo cha reamer. Ngati kumapeto kwa manja a kalozera kuli patali kwambiri ndi chogwirira ntchito kapena chowongoleracho ndi chachifupi komanso chosalondola bwino, chowongoleracho chimapatuka pakukonza ndikukhudza kulondola kwa dzenjelo. Potalikitsa dzanja la kalozera ndikuwongolera kulondola koyenera, kulondola kwa makonzedwewo kumatha kuwongoleredwa.
7. Konzani nthawi yake chida cha makina ndikusintha chilolezo cha spindle. Zozungulira zotayirira zimapangitsa kuti spindle igwedezeke ndikusokoneza kulondola kwa kukonza. Yang'anani nthawi zonse ndikusintha chilolezo chonyamula spindle kuti muwonetsetse kulondola komanso kukhazikika kwa chida cha makina.

1. Kuchuluka kwa reming allowance.
2. Zida zogwirira ntchito ndizolimba kwambiri.
3. Kuthamanga kochulukira kwa m'mphepete mwake, komanso kudulidwa kosalingana.
4. Mbali yayikulu yokhotakhota ya reamer ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, ndikuwonjezera kukula kwake.
5. Pokonzanso mabowo akuya kapena mabowo akhungu, pali tchipisi tambirimbiri ndipo samachotsedwa munthawi yake.
6. Mano amathyoka pamene akupera.
   (B) Zothetsera
7. Sinthani kukula kwa dzenje lopangidwa kale ndikuchepetsa gawo la reming. Kuloledwa kochulukira kumawonjezera mphamvu yodulira ndikupangitsa mano ong'ambika mosavuta. Malinga ndi zofunika processing, momveka kudziwa chisanadze makina dzenje m'mimba mwake kukula ndi reming chilolezo.
8. Chepetsani kuuma kwa zinthu kapena gwiritsani ntchito chowotcha chowongolera kapena carbide reamer. Kwa zida zogwirira ntchito zolimba kwambiri, njira monga kuchepetsa kuuma kwa zinthu kapena kusankha mtundu wa chida choyenera kukonza zinthu zolimba zingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
9. Kuwongolera kuthamanga mkati mwa kulolerana kuonetsetsa kuti yunifolomu kudula katundu. Kuthamanga kwakukulu kwa m'mphepete mwake kumapangitsa kuti mphamvu yodula ikhale yosafanana ndipo imatsogolera mano odulidwa mosavuta. Mwa kusintha zida zoyika ndi kukonza magawo, wongolerani kuthamanga mkati mwazololera.
10. Wonjezerani mbali yayikulu yokhotakhota ndikuchepetsa m'lifupi mwake. Kang'ono kakang'ono kwambiri kokhotako kumakulitsa m'lifupi mwake ndikupangitsa mano ong'ambika mosavuta. Malinga ndi zofunikira pakukonza, sankhani kukula koyenera kolowera kolowera.
11. Samalani kuchotsa tchipisi mu nthawi, makamaka pokonzanso mabowo akuya kapena mabowo akhungu. Kuchuluka kwa chip kumakhudza momwe amadulira ndikupangitsa kuti mano ang'ambikake mosavuta. Gwiritsani ntchito njira yoyenera yochotsera tchipisi kuti muchotse tchipisi munthawi yake.
12. Samalani ndi khalidwe lakupera ndikupewa mano osweka pamene akupera. Mukakupera chowongolera, sankhani magawo oyenera odulira ndi njira zopera kuti muwonetsetse kuti mano ndi olimba.

1. Kuchuluka kwa reming allowance.
2. Pamene reming mabowo tapered, kugawa akhakula ndi mapeto reming malipiro ndi kusankha kudula magawo ndi zosayenera.
3. Malo opangira mano a reamer ndi ochepa,