"Kufotokozera Mwatsatanetsatane Zakupangidwira ndi Zofunikira za Servo System ya Machining Centers"
I. Kapangidwe ka servo dongosolo kwa Machining malo
M'malo opangira makina amakono, makina a servo amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Zimapangidwa ndi ma servo mabwalo, zida zoyendetsa servo, njira zotumizira makina, ndi zida zoyambira.
Ntchito yayikulu ya dongosolo la servo ndikulandila liwiro la chakudya ndi zidziwitso zakusamuka zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi dongosolo lowongolera manambala. Choyamba, servo drive dera idzachita kutembenuka kwina ndi kukulitsa mphamvu pazizindikiro zamalamulo izi. Kenako, kudzera pazida zoyendetsera ma servo monga ma stepper motors, ma servo motors a DC, ma AC servo motors, ndi zina zambiri, ndi njira zotumizira zamakina, zida zogwiritsira ntchito monga makina ogwiritsira ntchito zida zamakina ndi mitu ya spindle zimayendetsedwa kuti akwaniritse chakudya chantchito komanso kuyenda mwachangu. Zinganenedwe kuti pamakina owongolera manambala, chipangizo cha CNC chili ngati "ubongo" womwe umapereka malamulo, pomwe dongosolo la servo ndi njira yayikulu, monga "miyendo" yamakina owongolera manambala, ndipo imatha kuchita molondola malamulo oyenda kuchokera ku chipangizo cha CNC.
Poyerekeza ndi makina oyendetsa a zida zamakina wamba, makina a servo a malo opangira makina ali ndi kusiyana kofunikira. Ikhoza kulamulira molondola kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake. Izi zimafuna kuti dongosolo la servo likhale ndi kulondola kwakukulu, kukhazikika, komanso kuyankha mofulumira.
M'malo opangira makina amakono, makina a servo amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Zimapangidwa ndi ma servo mabwalo, zida zoyendetsa servo, njira zotumizira makina, ndi zida zoyambira.
Ntchito yayikulu ya dongosolo la servo ndikulandila liwiro la chakudya ndi zidziwitso zakusamuka zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi dongosolo lowongolera manambala. Choyamba, servo drive dera idzachita kutembenuka kwina ndi kukulitsa mphamvu pazizindikiro zamalamulo izi. Kenako, kudzera pazida zoyendetsera ma servo monga ma stepper motors, ma servo motors a DC, ma AC servo motors, ndi zina zambiri, ndi njira zotumizira zamakina, zida zogwiritsira ntchito monga makina ogwiritsira ntchito zida zamakina ndi mitu ya spindle zimayendetsedwa kuti akwaniritse chakudya chantchito komanso kuyenda mwachangu. Zinganenedwe kuti pamakina owongolera manambala, chipangizo cha CNC chili ngati "ubongo" womwe umapereka malamulo, pomwe dongosolo la servo ndi njira yayikulu, monga "miyendo" yamakina owongolera manambala, ndipo imatha kuchita molondola malamulo oyenda kuchokera ku chipangizo cha CNC.
Poyerekeza ndi makina oyendetsa a zida zamakina wamba, makina a servo a malo opangira makina ali ndi kusiyana kofunikira. Ikhoza kulamulira molondola kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake. Izi zimafuna kuti dongosolo la servo likhale ndi kulondola kwakukulu, kukhazikika, komanso kuyankha mofulumira.
II. Zofunikira pamakina a servo
- Kulondola kwambiri
Makina owongolera manambala amadzipangira okha malinga ndi pulogalamu yomwe idakonzedweratu. Chifukwa chake, kuti mugwiritse ntchito zida zapamwamba komanso zapamwamba kwambiri, makina a servo omwewo ayenera kukhala olondola kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, kulondola kuyenera kufika pamlingo wa micron. Izi zili choncho chifukwa pakupanga kwamakono, zofunikira zolondola pazantchito zikuchulukirachulukira. Makamaka m'magawo monga zamlengalenga, kupanga magalimoto, ndi zida zamagetsi, ngakhale cholakwika chaching'ono chingayambitse mavuto akulu.
Kuti mukwaniritse kuwongolera kolondola kwambiri, makina a servo amayenera kutengera matekinoloje apamwamba a sensa monga ma encoder ndi olamulira a grating kuti ayang'anire malo ndi liwiro la zida zoyendetsera munthawi yeniyeni. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chipangizo cha servo drive chiyeneranso kukhala ndi ndondomeko yoyendetsera bwino kwambiri kuti iwonetsetse bwino liwiro ndi torque ya galimoto. Kuonjezera apo, kulondola kwa makina opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito makina kumakhudzanso kulondola kwa dongosolo la servo. Chifukwa chake, popanga ndi kupanga malo opangira makina, ndikofunikira kusankha zida zopatsirana zolondola kwambiri monga zomangira za mpira ndi maupangiri amzere kuti muwonetsetse zofunikira za dongosolo la servo. - Kuyankha mwachangu
Kuyankha mwachangu ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro zofunika kwambiri zakusintha kwadongosolo la servo. Zimafunika kuti dongosolo la servo likhale ndi cholakwika chotsatira chotsatira chizindikiro cha lamulo, ndipo chimakhala chofulumira komanso chokhazikika. Mwachindunji, pamafunika kuti mutatha kulowetsamo, dongosololi likhoza kufika kapena kubwezeretsa malo okhazikika panthawi yochepa, nthawi zambiri mkati mwa 200ms kapena ma milliseconds ambiri.
Kutha kuyankha mwachangu kumakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito komanso magwiridwe antchito a malo opangira makina. Mu makina othamanga kwambiri, nthawi yolumikizana pakati pa chida ndi chogwirira ntchito ndi yaifupi kwambiri. Dongosolo la servo liyenera kuyankha ku chizindikiritso cholamula mwachangu ndikusintha malo ndi liwiro la chidacho kuti zitsimikizire kulondola kwadongosolo ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba. Nthawi yomweyo, pokonza ma workpieces okhala ndi mawonekedwe ovuta, dongosolo la servo liyenera kuyankha mwachangu pakusintha kwa ma siginecha amalamulo ndikuzindikira kuwongolera kwamalumikizidwe amitundu ingapo kuti zitsimikizire kulondola ndi kuwongolera.
Kuti muthe kuyankha mwachangu pamakina a servo, zida zoyendetsa bwino kwambiri za servo drive ndi njira zowongolera ziyenera kutsatiridwa. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito ma AC servo motors, omwe ali ndi liwiro loyankhira mwachangu, torque yayikulu, komanso kuwongolera liwiro, amatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zamakina othamanga kwambiri m'malo opangira makina. Nthawi yomweyo, kutengera ma aligorivimu otsogola monga kuwongolera kwa PID, kuwongolera movutikira, komanso kuwongolera ma neural network kumatha kupititsa patsogolo kuyankha komanso kukhazikika kwa servo system. - Large liwiro malamulo osiyanasiyana
Chifukwa cha zida zosiyanasiyana zodulira, zida zogwirira ntchito, ndi zofunikira pakukonza, kuonetsetsa kuti makina owongolera manambala atha kupeza njira zabwino zodulira munthawi iliyonse, dongosolo la servo liyenera kukhala ndi liwiro lokwanira lowongolera. Ikhoza kukwaniritsa zofunikira zonse zamakina othamanga kwambiri komanso zofunikira za chakudya chotsika.
Pamakina othamanga kwambiri, makina a servo amayenera kupereka liwiro komanso kuthamanga kuti apititse patsogolo kukonza bwino. Pomwe ikudyetsa mothamanga kwambiri, makina a servo amayenera kupereka torque yokhazikika yotsika kwambiri kuti atsimikizire kulondola kwadongosolo komanso mawonekedwe apamwamba. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa liwiro la dongosolo la servo nthawi zambiri kumafunika kufikira masauzande angapo kapena masauzande masauzande akusintha pamphindi.
Kuti mukwaniritse kuchuluka kwakukulu koyendetsa liwiro, zida zoyendetsa bwino za servo drive ndi njira zowongolera liwiro ziyenera kutsatiridwa. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wowongolera ma frequency a AC amatha kuzindikira kuwongolera kothamanga kwa injini, yokhala ndi liwiro lalikulu lowongolera, kuchita bwino kwambiri, komanso kudalirika kwabwino. Nthawi yomweyo, kutengera ma aligorivimu otsogola monga kuwongolera vekitala komanso kuwongolera ma torque mwachindunji kumatha kupititsa patsogolo kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka liwiro komanso mphamvu yagalimoto. - Kudalirika kwakukulu
Makina ogwiritsira ntchito manambala ndi okwera kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito mosalekeza kwa maola 24. Choncho, amayenera kugwira ntchito modalirika. Kudalirika kwa dongosololi nthawi zambiri kumachokera ku mtengo wapakati wa kutalika kwa nthawi pakati pa zolephera, ndiko kuti, nthawi yochuluka popanda kulephera. Kutalikirako nthawi iyi, ndibwino.
Kupititsa patsogolo kudalirika kwa dongosolo la servo, zida zapamwamba komanso njira zopangira zapamwamba ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kuyesa kolimba ndi kuwongolera khalidwe la servo system kumafunika kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti zikugwira ntchito mokhazikika komanso yodalirika. Kuphatikiza apo, njira zopangira zida zowunikira komanso zowunikira zolakwika ziyenera kutsatiridwa kuti zipititse patsogolo luso lololera zolakwa ndi luso lozindikira zolakwika za dongosololi kuti lithe kukonzedwa munthawi yomwe cholakwika chikachitika ndikuwonetsetsa kuti makinawo akugwira ntchito bwino. - Torque yayikulu pa liwiro lotsika
Makina owongolera manambala nthawi zambiri amadula kwambiri mothamanga kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, dongosolo la chakudya cha servo likufunika kuti likhale ndi torque yayikulu pa liwiro lotsika kuti likwaniritse zofunikira pakudula.
Panthawi yodula kwambiri, mphamvu yodula pakati pa chida ndi workpiece ndi yaikulu kwambiri. Dongosolo la servo liyenera kupereka torque yokwanira kuti igonjetse mphamvu yodulira ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ntchitoyo ikuyenda bwino. Kuti mukwaniritse zotulutsa zothamanga kwambiri zothamanga kwambiri, zida zoyendetsa bwino kwambiri za servo drive ndi ma mota ziyenera kutengedwa. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito maginito okhazikika a ma synchronous motors, omwe ali ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono ka torque, kuchita bwino kwambiri, komanso kudalirika kwabwino, amatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zama torque otsika kwambiri pamakina. Nthawi yomweyo, kutengera ma aligorivimu otsogola monga kuwongolera ma torque mwachindunji kumatha kupititsa patsogolo luso lotulutsa ma torque komanso mphamvu zamagalimoto.
Pomaliza, dongosolo la servo la malo opangira makina ndi gawo lofunikira pamakina owongolera manambala. Kuchita kwake kumakhudza mwachindunji kukonza bwino, kuchita bwino, komanso kudalirika kwa malo opangira makina. Choncho, popanga ndi kupanga malo opangira makina, mapangidwe ndi zofunikira za dongosolo la servo ziyenera kuganiziridwa bwino, ndipo matekinoloje apamwamba ndi zipangizo ziyenera kusankhidwa kuti zipititse patsogolo ntchito ndi khalidwe la dongosolo la servo ndikukwaniritsa zosowa za chitukuko chamakono.