"Kusiyana ndi Ubwino pakati pa CNC Machine Tools ndi General Machine Tools"
Masiku ano pakukonza makina, ukadaulo wowongolera manambala ndi zida zamakina a CNC zimakhala ndi gawo lofunikira. M'lingaliro losavuta, chida cha makina a CNC ndi chida cha makina onse omwe ali ndi makina owongolera manambala, koma kwenikweni, ndizochulukirapo kuposa pamenepo. Ukadaulo wowongolera manambala ndi zida zotsogola kwambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakampani opanga makina, zomwe zimaphatikiza magawo angapo monga CNC lathes, CNC mphero makina, CNC wotopetsa ndi mphero makina, CNC gantry Machining malo, ndi CNC waya kudula.
I. Lingaliro laukadaulo wowongolera manambala ndi zida zamakina a CNC
Ukadaulo wowongolera manambala ndikugwiritsa ntchito zikwangwani zamapulogalamu a digito kuwongolera makina a zida zamakina kudzera pamakompyuta. Monga makina opangira makina, zida zamakina zimatha kupanga zida zamakina zokha ndikuphatikiza njira zosiyanasiyana zamakina monga kutembenuza, mphero, planing, kugaya, kutopa, kubowola, spark yamagetsi, kumeta, kupindika, ndi kudula laser. Cholinga cha makina opangira makina ndi kukonza zitsulo zopanda kanthu kuti zikhale zofanana ndi zomwe zimafunikira, kuphatikizapo mbali ziwiri: kulondola kwa dimensional ndi kulondola kwa geometric. Zida zomwe zimatha kugwira ntchito pamwambapa zimatchedwa chida cha makina. Chida cha makina a CNC ndi chida cholondola kwambiri komanso chapamwamba kwambiri chopangidwa ndi makina wamba. "Kuwongolera manambala" kumatanthauza kuwongolera kwa digito. Chida cha makina a CNC ndi chida chodzipangira chokha chokhala ndi dongosolo lowongolera pulogalamu. Dongosololi limatha kukonza mapulogalamu omwe afotokozedwa ndi ma code owongolera kapena malangizo ena ophiphiritsa ndikuwongolera kuti chida cha makina chizitha kusuntha ndi kukonza magawo. Chigawo chowongolera cha chida cha makina a CNC ndiye maziko ake. Kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kuyang'anira zida zamakina a CNC zonse zatsirizidwa mugawo lowongolera manambalali. Zili ngati ubongo wa chida cha makina a CNC. Zida zowongolera manambala zomwe timatchula nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizanso ma lathe a CNC ndi malo opangira makina.
Ukadaulo wowongolera manambala ndikugwiritsa ntchito zikwangwani zamapulogalamu a digito kuwongolera makina a zida zamakina kudzera pamakompyuta. Monga makina opangira makina, zida zamakina zimatha kupanga zida zamakina zokha ndikuphatikiza njira zosiyanasiyana zamakina monga kutembenuza, mphero, planing, kugaya, kutopa, kubowola, spark yamagetsi, kumeta, kupindika, ndi kudula laser. Cholinga cha makina opangira makina ndi kukonza zitsulo zopanda kanthu kuti zikhale zofanana ndi zomwe zimafunikira, kuphatikizapo mbali ziwiri: kulondola kwa dimensional ndi kulondola kwa geometric. Zida zomwe zimatha kugwira ntchito pamwambapa zimatchedwa chida cha makina. Chida cha makina a CNC ndi chida cholondola kwambiri komanso chapamwamba kwambiri chopangidwa ndi makina wamba. "Kuwongolera manambala" kumatanthauza kuwongolera kwa digito. Chida cha makina a CNC ndi chida chodzipangira chokha chokhala ndi dongosolo lowongolera pulogalamu. Dongosololi limatha kukonza mapulogalamu omwe afotokozedwa ndi ma code owongolera kapena malangizo ena ophiphiritsa ndikuwongolera kuti chida cha makina chizitha kusuntha ndi kukonza magawo. Chigawo chowongolera cha chida cha makina a CNC ndiye maziko ake. Kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kuyang'anira zida zamakina a CNC zonse zatsirizidwa mugawo lowongolera manambalali. Zili ngati ubongo wa chida cha makina a CNC. Zida zowongolera manambala zomwe timatchula nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizanso ma lathe a CNC ndi malo opangira makina.
II. Kusiyana pakati pa zida zamakina a CNC ndi zida zonse zamakina
(1) Kuchita bwino kwa makina
Kupititsa patsogolo zokolola
Zida zamakina a CNC zimatha kusintha kwambiri zokolola. Chidutswacho chikatsekeredwa, lowetsani pulogalamu yamakina yomwe idakonzedweratu, ndipo chida chamakina chimangomaliza kukonza makinawo. Gawo lopangidwa ndi makina likasintha, nthawi zambiri pulogalamu yowongolera manambala ndiyomwe imayenera kusinthidwa, kufupikitsa kwambiri nthawi yopanga makina. Poyerekeza ndi zida zonse zamakina, zokolola za zida zamakina a CNC zitha kuchuluka kangapo kapena kupitilira apo. Pamakina a zida zamakina ambiri, magwiridwe antchito pafupipafupi ndi zosintha nthawi zambiri zimafunikira, ndipo kuthamanga kwa makina kumakhala pang'onopang'ono. Ngakhale zida zamakina a CNC zitha kukwaniritsa makina opitilira komanso odziwikiratu, kuchepetsa kuyimitsa ndi kudikirira nthawi yopangira makina, motero kuwongolera bwino kwambiri kupanga.
(2) Kulondola kwa makina
Kulondola kwambiri kwa makina ndi khalidwe lokhazikika la mankhwala
Zida zamakina za CNC zili ndi makina olondola kwambiri komanso mtundu wokhazikika wazinthu. Izi ndichifukwa choti zida zamakina a CNC zimangopangidwa zokha malinga ndi mapulogalamu, komanso kulondola kwa makina kumatha kuwongoleredwa ndikulipidwa ndi mapulogalamu. Pafupifupi mankhwala onse olondola kwambiri, otsogola, komanso otsogola m'mabizinesi osiyanasiyana amakonzedwa ndikupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida zamakina a CNC. Kulondola kwa makina kwa zida zamakina wamba kumakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zingapo monga luso la woyendetsa komanso kukhazikika kwachida cha makina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kutsimikizira zofunikira pakukonza makinawo. Kupyolera mu kuwongolera kwadongosolo kwa manambala, zida zamakina a CNC zimatha kukwaniritsa kulondola kwaukadaulo wa micrometer kapena kupitilira apo, kuwonetsetsa kuti kulondola kwazithunzi komanso kulondola kwa geometric kwazinthu kumakwaniritsa zofunikira.
(3) Digiri ya automation
Kuchuluka kwa automation kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa ntchito
Mlingo wa zochita zokha za CNC makina zida ndi mkulu, kuchepetsa kwambiri ntchito kwambiri ndipo pamlingo waukulu blurring kusiyana ntchito thupi ndi maganizo ntchito. Pogwiritsira ntchito zida zamakina wamba, ogwira ntchito amafunika kuchita zinthu zambiri pamanja monga kusintha zida, kuthamanga kwa chakudya, komanso kuwongolera makina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azigwira ntchito kwambiri. Pomwe zida zamakina a CNC, wogwiritsa ntchito yekha ndiye amafunikira kuyika mapulogalamu ndikuwunika kofunikira, ndipo chida cha makina chimatha kumaliza ntchitoyo. Njira yogwirira ntchito ya CNC makina opangira zida imakhala ndiukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri, ndipo ili ndi zofunikira zapamwamba pamtundu wa ogwiritsa ntchito komanso zofunikira zapamwamba zaukadaulo kwa ogwira ntchito yosamalira. Anthu omwe amatha kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamakina a CNC amatchedwa "collars imvi"; anthu amene kumvetsa CNC makina chida kukonza amatchedwa "siliva makolala"; ndipo anthu omwe amatha kugwira ntchito ndikumvetsetsa kukonza komanso kukhala ndi luso lozungulira poyang'anira manambala amatchedwa "makolala agolide".
(1) Kuchita bwino kwa makina
Kupititsa patsogolo zokolola
Zida zamakina a CNC zimatha kusintha kwambiri zokolola. Chidutswacho chikatsekeredwa, lowetsani pulogalamu yamakina yomwe idakonzedweratu, ndipo chida chamakina chimangomaliza kukonza makinawo. Gawo lopangidwa ndi makina likasintha, nthawi zambiri pulogalamu yowongolera manambala ndiyomwe imayenera kusinthidwa, kufupikitsa kwambiri nthawi yopanga makina. Poyerekeza ndi zida zonse zamakina, zokolola za zida zamakina a CNC zitha kuchuluka kangapo kapena kupitilira apo. Pamakina a zida zamakina ambiri, magwiridwe antchito pafupipafupi ndi zosintha nthawi zambiri zimafunikira, ndipo kuthamanga kwa makina kumakhala pang'onopang'ono. Ngakhale zida zamakina a CNC zitha kukwaniritsa makina opitilira komanso odziwikiratu, kuchepetsa kuyimitsa ndi kudikirira nthawi yopangira makina, motero kuwongolera bwino kwambiri kupanga.
(2) Kulondola kwa makina
Kulondola kwambiri kwa makina ndi khalidwe lokhazikika la mankhwala
Zida zamakina za CNC zili ndi makina olondola kwambiri komanso mtundu wokhazikika wazinthu. Izi ndichifukwa choti zida zamakina a CNC zimangopangidwa zokha malinga ndi mapulogalamu, komanso kulondola kwa makina kumatha kuwongoleredwa ndikulipidwa ndi mapulogalamu. Pafupifupi mankhwala onse olondola kwambiri, otsogola, komanso otsogola m'mabizinesi osiyanasiyana amakonzedwa ndikupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida zamakina a CNC. Kulondola kwa makina kwa zida zamakina wamba kumakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zingapo monga luso la woyendetsa komanso kukhazikika kwachida cha makina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kutsimikizira zofunikira pakukonza makinawo. Kupyolera mu kuwongolera kwadongosolo kwa manambala, zida zamakina a CNC zimatha kukwaniritsa kulondola kwaukadaulo wa micrometer kapena kupitilira apo, kuwonetsetsa kuti kulondola kwazithunzi komanso kulondola kwa geometric kwazinthu kumakwaniritsa zofunikira.
(3) Digiri ya automation
Kuchuluka kwa automation kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa ntchito
Mlingo wa zochita zokha za CNC makina zida ndi mkulu, kuchepetsa kwambiri ntchito kwambiri ndipo pamlingo waukulu blurring kusiyana ntchito thupi ndi maganizo ntchito. Pogwiritsira ntchito zida zamakina wamba, ogwira ntchito amafunika kuchita zinthu zambiri pamanja monga kusintha zida, kuthamanga kwa chakudya, komanso kuwongolera makina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azigwira ntchito kwambiri. Pomwe zida zamakina a CNC, wogwiritsa ntchito yekha ndiye amafunikira kuyika mapulogalamu ndikuwunika kofunikira, ndipo chida cha makina chimatha kumaliza ntchitoyo. Njira yogwirira ntchito ya CNC makina opangira zida imakhala ndiukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri, ndipo ili ndi zofunikira zapamwamba pamtundu wa ogwiritsa ntchito komanso zofunikira zapamwamba zaukadaulo kwa ogwira ntchito yosamalira. Anthu omwe amatha kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamakina a CNC amatchedwa "collars imvi"; anthu amene kumvetsa CNC makina chida kukonza amatchedwa "siliva makolala"; ndipo anthu omwe amatha kugwira ntchito ndikumvetsetsa kukonza komanso kukhala ndi luso lozungulira poyang'anira manambala amatchedwa "makolala agolide".
III. Ubwino wa zida zamakina a CNC
(1) Sinthani kumitundu yambiri komanso yaing'ono
Ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa kufunikira kwa msika, kupanga mitundu yambiri ndi yaing'ono yakhala chinthu chofunikira pakupanga zamakono. Zida zamakina a CNC zimatha kusintha mwachangu pulogalamu yopangira magawo kuti agwirizane ndi zofunikira za makina a magawo osiyanasiyana popanda kufunikira kosintha zida za makina ndi kusintha kwa zida. Izi zimapereka zida zamakina a CNC zabwino zowoneka bwino pakupanga mitundu yambiri komanso yaing'ono, yomwe ingafupikitse kwambiri kupanga ndikuchepetsa ndalama zopangira.
(2) Kuthekera kwamphamvu kwazinthu zovuta
Kwa mbali zina zokhala ndi mawonekedwe ovuta komanso zofunikira kwambiri, zida zamakina a CNC zili ndi mphamvu zolimba. Zida zamakina a CNC zimatha kukwaniritsa kuwongolera bwino kwambiri kwa magawo ovuta kudzera muukadaulo monga kulumikizana kwamitundu yambiri komanso kuwongolera njira zovuta. Zida zamakina wamba zikamakonza magawo ovuta, njira zingapo ndi ma clamping angapo nthawi zambiri zimafunikira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchitoyo ikhale yovuta komanso kulondola kwake kukhala kovuta kutsimikizira.
(3) Sinthani kusasinthika kwamtundu wazinthu
Zida zamakina a CNC zili ndi kulondola kwakukulu komanso kukhazikika kwabwino, komwe kungatsimikizire kusasinthika kwamtundu wazinthu. Pakupanga batch, zida zamakina a CNC zitha kuwonetsetsa kuti kulondola kwazithunzi ndi kulondola kwazithunzi za gawo lililonse zili mkati mwaulamuliro wokhazikika, kupewa kusiyana kwamtundu wazinthu zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi zinthu zaumunthu komanso kulondola kwa chida cha makina osakhazikika. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pakukweza kupikisana kwazinthu zamsika.
(4) Kuthandizira kukwaniritsidwa kwa chidziwitso chowongolera kupanga
Zida zamakina a CNC zitha kulumikizidwa ndi netiweki yamakompyuta kuti muzindikire chidziwitso cha kasamalidwe ka kupanga. Kupyolera mu mawonekedwe olankhulirana a dongosolo lowongolera manambala, zambiri monga momwe akuthamangira ndi kupita patsogolo kwa makina a makina amatha kutumizidwa ku kasamalidwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake. Nthawi yomweyo, kasamalidwe ndi kufala kwa mapulogalamu owongolera manambala amathanso kuchitidwa kudzera pamaneti, kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito komanso magwiridwe antchito.
(1) Sinthani kumitundu yambiri komanso yaing'ono
Ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa kufunikira kwa msika, kupanga mitundu yambiri ndi yaing'ono yakhala chinthu chofunikira pakupanga zamakono. Zida zamakina a CNC zimatha kusintha mwachangu pulogalamu yopangira magawo kuti agwirizane ndi zofunikira za makina a magawo osiyanasiyana popanda kufunikira kosintha zida za makina ndi kusintha kwa zida. Izi zimapereka zida zamakina a CNC zabwino zowoneka bwino pakupanga mitundu yambiri komanso yaing'ono, yomwe ingafupikitse kwambiri kupanga ndikuchepetsa ndalama zopangira.
(2) Kuthekera kwamphamvu kwazinthu zovuta
Kwa mbali zina zokhala ndi mawonekedwe ovuta komanso zofunikira kwambiri, zida zamakina a CNC zili ndi mphamvu zolimba. Zida zamakina a CNC zimatha kukwaniritsa kuwongolera bwino kwambiri kwa magawo ovuta kudzera muukadaulo monga kulumikizana kwamitundu yambiri komanso kuwongolera njira zovuta. Zida zamakina wamba zikamakonza magawo ovuta, njira zingapo ndi ma clamping angapo nthawi zambiri zimafunikira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchitoyo ikhale yovuta komanso kulondola kwake kukhala kovuta kutsimikizira.
(3) Sinthani kusasinthika kwamtundu wazinthu
Zida zamakina a CNC zili ndi kulondola kwakukulu komanso kukhazikika kwabwino, komwe kungatsimikizire kusasinthika kwamtundu wazinthu. Pakupanga batch, zida zamakina a CNC zitha kuwonetsetsa kuti kulondola kwazithunzi ndi kulondola kwazithunzi za gawo lililonse zili mkati mwaulamuliro wokhazikika, kupewa kusiyana kwamtundu wazinthu zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi zinthu zaumunthu komanso kulondola kwa chida cha makina osakhazikika. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pakukweza kupikisana kwazinthu zamsika.
(4) Kuthandizira kukwaniritsidwa kwa chidziwitso chowongolera kupanga
Zida zamakina a CNC zitha kulumikizidwa ndi netiweki yamakompyuta kuti muzindikire chidziwitso cha kasamalidwe ka kupanga. Kupyolera mu mawonekedwe olankhulirana a dongosolo lowongolera manambala, zambiri monga momwe akuthamangira ndi kupita patsogolo kwa makina a makina amatha kutumizidwa ku kasamalidwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake. Nthawi yomweyo, kasamalidwe ndi kufala kwa mapulogalamu owongolera manambala amathanso kuchitidwa kudzera pamaneti, kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito komanso magwiridwe antchito.
IV. Mapeto
Mwachidule, poyerekeza ndi zida wamba makina, CNC makina zida ali ndi ubwino waukulu mwa mawu machining dzuwa, Machining kulondola, ndi digiri ya zochita zokha. Kuwonekera ndi chitukuko cha zida zamakina a CNC zalimbikitsa kwambiri kupita patsogolo kwamakampani opanga makina komanso kupereka chithandizo champhamvu pakupanga zinthu zamakono. Ndi kupita patsogolo kosalekeza kwaukadaulo, magwiridwe antchito a zida zamakina a CNC apitiliza kuwongolera, ndipo mitundu yogwiritsira ntchito ipitilira kukula. M'makampani opanga mtsogolo, zida zamakina a CNC zipitiliza kugwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri ndikukhala chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira pakuzindikira kupanga mwanzeru.
Mwachidule, poyerekeza ndi zida wamba makina, CNC makina zida ali ndi ubwino waukulu mwa mawu machining dzuwa, Machining kulondola, ndi digiri ya zochita zokha. Kuwonekera ndi chitukuko cha zida zamakina a CNC zalimbikitsa kwambiri kupita patsogolo kwamakampani opanga makina komanso kupereka chithandizo champhamvu pakupanga zinthu zamakono. Ndi kupita patsogolo kosalekeza kwaukadaulo, magwiridwe antchito a zida zamakina a CNC apitiliza kuwongolera, ndipo mitundu yogwiritsira ntchito ipitilira kukula. M'makampani opanga mtsogolo, zida zamakina a CNC zipitiliza kugwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri ndikukhala chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira pakuzindikira kupanga mwanzeru.