"Instalation Guide for CNC Machine Tools"
Monga chida chofunikira popangira zida za hardware zolondola, kumveka kwa kuyika kwa zida zamakina a CNC kumagwirizana mwachindunji ndi magwiridwe antchito komanso mtundu wazogulitsa. Kuyika kolondola kwa zida zamakina a CNC sikungotsimikizira kuti zidazo zizigwira ntchito mokhazikika komanso kuwonjezera moyo wake wautumiki ndikupanga phindu lalikulu kwa mabizinesi. Zotsatirazi zikufotokozerani mwatsatanetsatane za malo oyika, kusamala, ndi kusamala kwa zida zamakina a CNC.
I. Kuyika chilengedwe zinthu CNC makina zida
- Malo opanda zida zopangira kutentha kwambiri
Zida zamakina a CNC ziyenera kusungidwa kutali ndi zida zopangira kutentha kwambiri. Izi zili choncho chifukwa zipangizo zopangira kutentha kwambiri zimapanga kutentha kwakukulu ndikukweza kutentha kozungulira. Zida zamakina a CNC zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kutentha. Kutentha kwakukulu kudzakhudza kulondola ndi kukhazikika kwa chida cha makina. Kutentha kwakukulu kungayambitse kukula kwa matenthedwe a zida za makina, potero kusintha kulondola kwa mawonekedwe a makinawo komanso kukhudza kulondola kwa kukonza. Kuphatikiza apo, kutentha kwambiri kumatha kuwononganso zida zamagetsi ndikuchepetsa magwiridwe antchito ndi moyo wautumiki. Mwachitsanzo, tchipisi tamagetsi tamagetsi timeneti titha kugwira ntchito pakutentha kwambiri komanso kukhudza momwe makinawo amagwirira ntchito. - Malo opanda fumbi akuyandama ndi zitsulo particles
Fumbi loyandama ndi tinthu tachitsulo ndi adani a zida zamakina a CNC. Tizigawo tating'onoting'ono timeneti titha kulowa mkati mwa chida cha makina, monga njanji zowongolera, zomangira zotsogola, zomangira ndi mbali zina, ndikukhudza kulondola kwazinthu zamakina. Fumbi ndi zitsulo particles zidzawonjezera kukangana pakati pa zigawo zikuluzikulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwambiri komanso kuchepetsa moyo wautumiki wa chida cha makina. Nthawi yomweyo, amathanso kutsekereza njira zamafuta ndi gasi ndikusokoneza magwiridwe antchito amafuta ndi kuziziritsa. Mu dongosolo lamagetsi lamagetsi, fumbi ndi zitsulo particles zikhoza kumamatira ku bolodi la dera ndikuyambitsa maulendo afupikitsa kapena zolakwika zina zamagetsi. - Malo opanda mpweya woyaka ndi zamadzimadzi
Mpweya woyaka komanso woyaka moto ndi zakumwa ndizovulaza kwambiri zida zamakina a CNC. Mpweya wowononga ndi zakumwa zimatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi zigawo zachitsulo za chida cha makina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale dzimbiri komanso kuwonongeka kwa zigawozo. Mwachitsanzo, mpweya wa acidic ukhoza kuwononga casing, njanji zowongolera ndi mbali zina zamakina ndikuchepetsa mphamvu zamakina a makina. Mipweya yoyaka moto ndi zamadzimadzi zimakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu. Kutayikira kukachitika ndikukhudzana ndi 火源, kumatha kuyambitsa moto kapena kuphulika ndikupangitsa kutayika kwakukulu kwa ogwira ntchito ndi zida. - Malo opanda madontho a madzi, nthunzi, fumbi ndi fumbi lamafuta
Madontho amadzi ndi nthunzi zimawopseza kwambiri makina amagetsi a zida zamakina a CNC. Madzi ndi conductor wabwino. Ikalowa mkati mwa zida zamagetsi, imatha kuyambitsa mabwalo amfupi, kutayikira ndi zolakwika zina ndikuwononga zida zamagetsi. Nthunzi imathanso kulowa m'madontho amadzi pamwamba pa zida zamagetsi ndikuyambitsa vuto lomwelo. Fumbi ndi fumbi lamafuta zidzakhudza kulondola ndi moyo wautumiki wa chida cha makina. Akhoza kumamatira pamwamba pazitsulo zamakina, kuonjezera kukangana kwa mikangano ndikukhudza kulondola kwa kayendetsedwe kake. Nthawi yomweyo, fumbi lamafuta limatha kuwononganso mafuta opaka mafuta ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yamafuta. - Malo opanda chosokoneza cha electromagnetic phokoso
Dongosolo lowongolera la zida zamakina a CNC limakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kusokonezedwa kwa ma elekitiroma. Kusokoneza kwa phokoso lamagetsi kumatha kubwera kuchokera ku zida zamagetsi zapafupi, zotumizira mawayilesi ndi zina. Kusokoneza kotereku kudzakhudza kufalikira kwa chizindikiro cha dongosolo lowongolera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa kulondola kwa kukonza kapena kulephera. Mwachitsanzo, kusokoneza ma electromagnetic kungayambitse zolakwika pamalangizo a manambala ndikupangitsa chida cha makina kuti chizigwira ntchito zolakwika. Chifukwa chake, zida zamakina a CNC ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa m'malo opanda phokoso lamagetsi kapena njira zotetezera ma elekitirodi. - Malo olimba komanso opanda kugwedezeka
Zida zamakina a CNC ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa pamalo olimba kuti achepetse kugwedezeka. Kugwedezeka kudzakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa pakuwongolera kulondola kwa chida cha makina, kuonjezera kuvala kwa zida ndikuchepetsa mawonekedwe a makina. Nthawi yomweyo, kugwedezeka kumatha kuwononganso zida zamakina, monga njanji zowongolera ndi zomangira zotsogola. Malo olimba angapereke chithandizo chokhazikika komanso kuchepetsa kugwedezeka kwa chida cha makina panthawi yogwira ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, njira zoyamwitsa zowopsa monga kuyika pads zoyamwitsa zitha kuchitidwa kuti muchepetse kugwedezeka kwamphamvu. - Kutentha koyenera kozungulira ndi 0°C – 55°C. Ngati kutentha kwazungulira kupitirira 45 ° C, chonde ikani dalaivala pamalo abwino mpweya wabwino kapena chipinda chokhala ndi mpweya wabwino.
CNC makina zida ndi zofunika zina kutentha yozungulira. Kutsika kwambiri kapena kutentha kwambiri kumakhudza magwiridwe antchito ndi moyo wautumiki wa chida cha makina. M'malo otsika kutentha, mafuta opaka mafuta amatha kukhala viscous ndikukhudza momwe mafutawo amakhudzira; magwiridwe antchito a zida zamagetsi amathanso kukhudzidwa. M'malo otentha kwambiri, zida za zida zamakina zimakonda kukulitsa kutentha ndipo kulondola kumachepa; moyo wautumiki wa zigawo zamagetsi zidzafupikitsidwa. Chifukwa chake, zida zamakina a CNC ziyenera kusungidwa m'malo otentha momwe mungathere. Pamene kutentha kwapakati kumadutsa 45 ° C, zigawo zikuluzikulu monga madalaivala ziyenera kuikidwa pamalo abwino mpweya wabwino kapena chipinda chokhala ndi mpweya wabwino kuti zitsimikizire kuti zimagwira ntchito bwino.
II. Kusamala pakuyika zida zamakina a CNC
- Mayendedwe oyika ayenera kukhala motsatira malamulo, apo ayi zolakwika za servo zidzachitika.
Kuyika kwa zida zamakina a CNC kumayendetsedwa mosamalitsa, komwe kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kapangidwe kake ka makina ndi kapangidwe kake kachitidwe. Ngati mayendedwe oyika ndi olakwika, angayambitse zolakwika mu servo system ndikusokoneza kulondola ndi kukhazikika kwa chida cha makina. Panthawi yoyika, malangizo oyika chida cha makina ayenera kuwerengedwa mosamala ndikuyika njira yomwe mwatchulidwa. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chidwi chiyenera kuperekedwanso pa msinkhu ndi verticality ya chida cha makina kuti zitsimikizire kuti chida cha makina chimayikidwa pamalo oyenera. - Mukayika dalaivala, mpweya wake ndi mabowo otulutsa mpweya sangathe kutsekedwa, ndipo sungakhoze kuikidwa mozondoka. Apo ayi, zidzayambitsa vuto.
Dalaivala ndi chimodzi mwa zigawo zikuluzikulu za CNC makina zida. Kutulutsa kosatsekeka kwa mpweya ndi mabowo otulutsa mpweya ndikofunikira pakuchotsa kutentha komanso kugwira ntchito moyenera. Ngati mpweya wa mpweya ndi mabowo otulutsa mpweya watsekedwa, kutentha mkati mwa dalaivala sikungatheke, zomwe zingayambitse kulakwitsa kwakukulu. Nthawi yomweyo, kuyika dalaivala mozondoka kungakhudzenso mawonekedwe ake amkati ndi magwiridwe antchito ndikuyambitsa zolakwika. Mukayika dalaivala, onetsetsani kuti mpweya wake ndi mabowo otulutsa mpweya sakutsekereza ndikuyika njira yoyenera. - Osayiyika pafupi kapena pafupi ndi zinthu zoyaka moto.
Zida zamakina a CNC zimatha kupanga zoyaka kapena kutentha kwambiri panthawi yogwira ntchito, kotero sizingayikidwe pafupi ndi zida zoyaka. Zinthu zoyaka zikangoyatsidwa, zimatha kuyambitsa moto ndikuwononga kwambiri antchito ndi zida. Posankha malo oyikapo, khalani kutali ndi zipangizo zoyaka moto kuti mutsimikizire chitetezo. - Pokonza dalaivala, onetsetsani kuti malo aliwonse okonzekera atsekedwa.
Dalaivala apanga kugwedezeka pakugwira ntchito. Ngati sichinakhazikitsidwe molimba, imatha kumasuka kapena kugwa ndikukhudza momwe makinawo amagwirira ntchito. Choncho, pokonza dalaivala, onetsetsani kuti malo aliwonse okonzekera atsekedwa kuti asatuluke. Maboti oyenerera ndi mtedza atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza ndipo mkhalidwe wokhazikika uyenera kuyang'aniridwa pafupipafupi. - Ikani pa malo amene angathe kupirira kulemera.
Zida zamakina a CNC ndi zigawo zawo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zolemetsa. Choncho, poika, malo omwe angathe kupirira kulemera kwake ayenera kusankhidwa. Ngati atayikidwa pamalo osakwanira kunyamula katundu, angayambitse pansi kapena kuwonongeka kwa zipangizo. Asanakhazikitse, mphamvu yonyamula katundu wa malo oyikapo iyenera kuwunikiridwa ndipo njira zolimbikitsira zofananira ziyenera kutengedwa.
III. Njira zodzitetezera pazida zamakina a CNC
- Kuti mugwiritse ntchito nthawi yayitali, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tigwiritse ntchito kutentha kozungulira pansi pa 45 ° C kuti zitsimikizire kuti ntchitoyo ikugwira ntchito modalirika.
Zida zamakina a CNC zidzatulutsa kutentha pakapita nthawi yayitali. Ngati kutentha kozungulira kuli kokwera kwambiri, kungayambitse chida cha makinawo kuti chiwonjezeke komanso kusokoneza ntchito yake ndi moyo wautumiki. Choncho, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali pa kutentha kozungulira pansi pa 45 ° C. Mpweya wabwino, kuziziritsa ndi njira zina zingatengedwe kuti zitsimikizire kuti chida cha makina chimagwira ntchito mkati mwa kutentha koyenera. - Ngati mankhwalawa aikidwa mu bokosi logawa magetsi, kukula ndi mpweya wabwino wa bokosi logawa magetsi liyenera kuonetsetsa kuti zipangizo zonse zamagetsi zamkati zilibe chiopsezo cha kutentha. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chidwi chiyenera kulipidwa ngati kugwedezeka kwa makina kudzakhudza zipangizo zamagetsi za bokosi logawa magetsi.
Bokosi logawa magetsi ndi gawo lofunikira la zida zamakina a CNC. Amapereka mphamvu ndi chitetezo pazida zamagetsi za chida cha makina. Kukula ndi mpweya wabwino wa bokosi logawa magetsi liyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zowonongeka kwa zipangizo zamagetsi zamkati kuti zisawonongeke zowonongeka. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chidwi chiyenera kuperekedwanso ngati kugwedezeka kwa chida cha makina kudzakhudza zipangizo zamagetsi za bokosi logawa magetsi. Ngati kugwedezeka kuli kwakukulu, kungayambitse zida zamagetsi kuti ziwonongeke kapena kuwonongeka. Njira zoyamwitsa zowopsa monga kuyika pads zoyamwitsa zitha kutengedwa kuti muchepetse kugwedezeka. - Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti kuzizira kwabwino kumayenda bwino, pakuyika dalaivala, payenera kukhala malo okwanira pakati pake ndi zinthu zoyandikana ndi mabala (makhoma) kumbali zonse, ndipo mpweya wotsekemera ndi mabowo otulutsa mpweya sungathe kutsekedwa, mwinamwake zingayambitse vuto.
Dongosolo lozungulira lozizirira ndilofunika kwambiri pakugwira ntchito bwino kwa zida zamakina a CNC. Kuzizira kwabwino kumatha kuchepetsa kutentha kwa zida zamakina ndikuwongolera kulondola komanso kukhazikika. Mukayika dalaivala, onetsetsani kuti pali malo okwanira kuzungulira kuti mpweya uziyenda kuti zitsimikizire kuti kuzizira kumayenda. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mpweya wa mpweya ndi mabowo otulutsa mpweya sangathe kutsekedwa, mwinamwake zidzakhudza kutentha kwa kutentha ndikuyambitsa zolakwika.
IV. Njira zina zopewera zida zamakina a CNC
- Mawaya pakati pa dalaivala ndi mota sangathe kukokedwa mwamphamvu kwambiri.
Ngati mawaya pakati pa dalaivala ndi mota amakokedwa mwamphamvu kwambiri, amatha kukhala otayirira kapena kuonongeka chifukwa cha kupsinjika pakugwira ntchito kwa makina. Chifukwa chake, pakumangirira, kutsetsereka koyenera kuyenera kusungidwa kuti zisakoke mothina kwambiri. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mawonekedwe a mawaya ayenera kuyang'aniridwa nthawi zonse kuti atsimikizire kugwirizana kolimba. - Osayika zinthu zolemera pamwamba pa dalaivala.
Kuyika zinthu zolemera pamwamba pa dalaivala kungawononge dalaivala. Zinthu zolemera zimatha kuphwanya casing kapena zigawo zamkati za dalaivala ndikusokoneza magwiridwe ake ndi moyo wake wautumiki. Choncho, zinthu zolemetsa siziyenera kuikidwa pamwamba pa dalaivala. - Mapepala azitsulo, zomangira ndi zinthu zina zakunja kapena mafuta ndi zinthu zina zoyaka sizingasakanizidwe mkati mwa dalaivala.
Zinthu zakunja monga zitsulo ndi zomangira zimatha kuyambitsa mafupipafupi mkati mwa dalaivala ndikuwononga zida zamagetsi. Mafuta ndi zinthu zina zoyaka zimatha kukhala pachiwopsezo ndipo zimatha kuyambitsa moto. Mukayika ndikugwiritsa ntchito dalaivala, onetsetsani kuti mkati mwake mwayera komanso pewani kusakaniza zinthu zakunja. - Ngati kugwirizana pakati pa dalaivala ndi injini kupitirira mamita 20, chonde onjezerani mawaya a U, V, W ndi Encoder.
Pamene mtunda wolumikizana pakati pa dalaivala ndi mota uposa 20 metres, kufalikira kwa chizindikiro kumakhudzidwa pamlingo wina. Kuti mutsimikizire kufalikira kwa ma siginecha okhazikika, mawaya olumikizirana a U, V, W ndi Encoder akuyenera kukulitsidwa. Izi zitha kuchepetsa kukana kwa mzere ndikuwongolera kukhazikika komanso kukhazikika kwa kufalikira kwa chizindikiro. - Dalaivala sangagwe kapena kukhudzidwa.
Dalaivala ndi chipangizo chamagetsi cholondola. Kuyigwetsa kapena kuikhudza kumatha kuwononga kapangidwe kake kamkati ndi zida zamagetsi ndikuyambitsa zolakwika. Pogwira ndikuyika dalaivala, iyenera kuyendetsedwa mosamala kuti isagwe kapena kukhudza. - Dalaivala akawonongeka, sangathe kuyendetsedwa mokakamiza.
Ngati zowonongeka zapezeka kwa dalaivala, monga chotchinga chosweka kapena waya wotayirira, ziyenera kuyimitsidwa nthawi yomweyo ndikuwunikiridwa kapena kusinthidwa. Kukakamiza dalaivala wowonongeka kungayambitse zolakwika zazikulu komanso kuchititsa ngozi zachitetezo.
Pomaliza, kukhazikitsa kolondola ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamakina a CNC ndiye chinsinsi chowonetsetsa kuti pakupanga zida zolondola za hardware. Mukayika zida zamakina a CNC, malo oyikapo komanso kusamala kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa kuti zitsimikizire kulondola, kukhazikika komanso kudalirika kwa chida cha makina. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chisamaliro chiyenera kuperekedwa kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana zotetezera panthawi yogwira ntchito, ndipo kukonzanso nthawi zonse ndi kusungirako makina a makina kuyenera kuchitidwa kuti awonjezere moyo wake wautumiki ndikuwongolera bwino kupanga.