Kusanthula Mwakuya ndi Kukhathamiritsa kwa Machining Location Datum ndi Zosintha mu Machining Centers
Chidziwitso: Pepalali likufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane zofunikira ndi mfundo za malo opangira makina m'malo opangira makina, komanso chidziwitso chofunikira chokhudza zomangira, kuphatikizapo zofunikira, mitundu wamba, ndi mfundo zosankhidwa zamakonzedwe. Imafufuza bwino za kufunikira ndi kulumikizana kwa zinthu izi pakukonza makina a malo opangira makina, ndicholinga chopereka chidziwitso chokwanira komanso chozama chamalingaliro ndi chitsogozo chothandiza kwa akatswiri ndi akatswiri oyenerera pankhani yaukadaulo wamakina, kuti akwaniritse kukhathamiritsa ndi kuwongolera kwa makina olondola, kuchita bwino, komanso mtundu.
I. Chiyambi
Malo opangira makina, monga mtundu wa zida zamakina zotsogola kwambiri komanso zotsogola kwambiri, zimakhala ndi malo ofunikira kwambiri pamakampani amakono opanga makina. Njira yopangira makina imaphatikizapo maulalo ambiri ovuta, ndipo kusankha kwa malo opangira makina ndi kutsimikiza kwa zida ndi zina mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri. Malo oyenerera a datum amatha kutsimikizira malo olondola a workpiece panthawi yokonza makina, ndikupereka chiyambi chenicheni cha ntchito zodula; kukonza koyenera kumatha kugwira ntchitoyo mokhazikika, kuwonetsetsa kuti makinawo akuyenda bwino, komanso, pamlingo wina, kukhudza kulondola kwa makina ndikuchita bwino. Chifukwa chake, kafukufuku wozama pazambiri zamakina ndi zosintha m'malo opangira makina ndizofunikira kwambiri mwaukadaulo komanso wothandiza.
Malo opangira makina, monga mtundu wa zida zamakina zotsogola kwambiri komanso zotsogola kwambiri, zimakhala ndi malo ofunikira kwambiri pamakampani amakono opanga makina. Njira yopangira makina imaphatikizapo maulalo ambiri ovuta, ndipo kusankha kwa malo opangira makina ndi kutsimikiza kwa zida ndi zina mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri. Malo oyenerera a datum amatha kutsimikizira malo olondola a workpiece panthawi yokonza makina, ndikupereka chiyambi chenicheni cha ntchito zodula; kukonza koyenera kumatha kugwira ntchitoyo mokhazikika, kuwonetsetsa kuti makinawo akuyenda bwino, komanso, pamlingo wina, kukhudza kulondola kwa makina ndikuchita bwino. Chifukwa chake, kafukufuku wozama pazambiri zamakina ndi zosintha m'malo opangira makina ndizofunikira kwambiri mwaukadaulo komanso wothandiza.
II. Zofunikira ndi Mfundo Zosankhira Datum mu Machining Centers
(A) Zofunikira Zitatu Zofunikira Posankha Datum
1. Malo Olondola ndi Osavuta, Kukonzekera Kodalirika
Malo olondola ndiye chofunikira kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa kulondola kwa makina. Malo a datum ayenera kukhala olondola komanso okhazikika kuti adziwe bwino malo a workpiece mu dongosolo logwirizanitsa la malo opangira makina. Mwachitsanzo, pamene mphero ndege, ngati pali vuto lalikulu flatness pa malo datum pamwamba, zingachititse kupatuka pakati pa makina makina ndi zofunika kapangidwe.
Kukonzekera kosavuta komanso kodalirika kumakhudzana ndi magwiridwe antchito komanso chitetezo cha makina. Njira fixturing fixture ndi workpiece ayenera kukhala losavuta ndi yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, kupangitsa workpiece mwamsanga anaika pa worktable wa pakati Machining ndi kuonetsetsa kuti workpiece sadzakhala kusuntha kapena kukhala lotayirira pa ndondomeko Machining. Mwachitsanzo, pogwiritsa ntchito clamping force yoyenera ndikusankha mfundo zomangira zoyenera, kupotoza kwa workpiece chifukwa champhamvu yokhotakhota kumatha kupewedwa, ndipo kusuntha kwa chogwiriracho pa makinawo kungathenso kupewedwa.
Malo olondola ndiye chofunikira kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa kulondola kwa makina. Malo a datum ayenera kukhala olondola komanso okhazikika kuti adziwe bwino malo a workpiece mu dongosolo logwirizanitsa la malo opangira makina. Mwachitsanzo, pamene mphero ndege, ngati pali vuto lalikulu flatness pa malo datum pamwamba, zingachititse kupatuka pakati pa makina makina ndi zofunika kapangidwe.
Kukonzekera kosavuta komanso kodalirika kumakhudzana ndi magwiridwe antchito komanso chitetezo cha makina. Njira fixturing fixture ndi workpiece ayenera kukhala losavuta ndi yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, kupangitsa workpiece mwamsanga anaika pa worktable wa pakati Machining ndi kuonetsetsa kuti workpiece sadzakhala kusuntha kapena kukhala lotayirira pa ndondomeko Machining. Mwachitsanzo, pogwiritsa ntchito clamping force yoyenera ndikusankha mfundo zomangira zoyenera, kupotoza kwa workpiece chifukwa champhamvu yokhotakhota kumatha kupewedwa, ndipo kusuntha kwa chogwiriracho pa makinawo kungathenso kupewedwa.
2. Mawerengedwe Osavuta a Dimension
Powerengera miyeso ya magawo osiyanasiyana opangira makina kutengera datum inayake, kuwerengera kuyenera kukhala kosavuta momwe mungathere. Izi zitha kuchepetsa zolakwika zowerengera panthawi yokonza ndi kukonza, potero kuwongolera luso la makina. Mwachitsanzo, pokonza gawo lomwe lili ndi machitidwe ambiri a mabowo, ngati datum yosankhidwa ikhoza kuwerengera miyeso yolumikizana ya dzenje lililonse molunjika, imatha kuchepetsa zovuta zowerengera pamapulogalamu owongolera manambala ndikuchepetsa kuthekera kwa zolakwika.
Powerengera miyeso ya magawo osiyanasiyana opangira makina kutengera datum inayake, kuwerengera kuyenera kukhala kosavuta momwe mungathere. Izi zitha kuchepetsa zolakwika zowerengera panthawi yokonza ndi kukonza, potero kuwongolera luso la makina. Mwachitsanzo, pokonza gawo lomwe lili ndi machitidwe ambiri a mabowo, ngati datum yosankhidwa ikhoza kuwerengera miyeso yolumikizana ya dzenje lililonse molunjika, imatha kuchepetsa zovuta zowerengera pamapulogalamu owongolera manambala ndikuchepetsa kuthekera kwa zolakwika.
3. Kuonetsetsa Kuti Machining Ndi Olondola
Kulondola kwa Machining ndichizindikiro chofunikira pakuyezera mtundu wa makina, kuphatikiza kulondola kwazithunzi, kulondola kwa mawonekedwe, komanso kulondola kwamalo. Kusankhidwa kwa datum kuyenera kuwongolera bwino zolakwika zamakina kuti makina opangidwa ndi makinawo akwaniritse zofunikira pakujambula. Mwachitsanzo, potembenuza magawo onga shaft, kusankha mzere wapakati wa shaft monga malo osungiramo malo kungatsimikizire bwino cylindricity ya shaft ndi coaxiality pakati pa magawo osiyanasiyana a shaft.
Kulondola kwa Machining ndichizindikiro chofunikira pakuyezera mtundu wa makina, kuphatikiza kulondola kwazithunzi, kulondola kwa mawonekedwe, komanso kulondola kwamalo. Kusankhidwa kwa datum kuyenera kuwongolera bwino zolakwika zamakina kuti makina opangidwa ndi makinawo akwaniritse zofunikira pakujambula. Mwachitsanzo, potembenuza magawo onga shaft, kusankha mzere wapakati wa shaft monga malo osungiramo malo kungatsimikizire bwino cylindricity ya shaft ndi coaxiality pakati pa magawo osiyanasiyana a shaft.
(B) Mfundo Zisanu ndi chimodzi Zosankha Datum ya Malo
1. Yesani Kusankha Datum Yopanga Monga Datum Yamalo
Datum yopangira ndiye poyambira kudziwa kukula ndi mawonekedwe ena popanga gawo. Kusankha datum ya mapangidwe monga malo osungiramo malo kungatsimikizire mwachindunji zofunikira za mapangidwe apangidwe ndikuchepetsa kulakwitsa kwa datum. Mwachitsanzo, pokonza gawo lopangidwa ndi bokosi, ngati datum ya mapangidwe ndi pansi pamtunda ndi mbali ziwiri za bokosi, ndiye kuti kugwiritsa ntchito malowa monga malo osungiramo zinthu panthawi ya makina a makina amatha kuonetsetsa kuti kulondola kwapakati pakati pa machitidwe a dzenje m'bokosi kumagwirizana ndi zofunikira za mapangidwe.
Datum yopangira ndiye poyambira kudziwa kukula ndi mawonekedwe ena popanga gawo. Kusankha datum ya mapangidwe monga malo osungiramo malo kungatsimikizire mwachindunji zofunikira za mapangidwe apangidwe ndikuchepetsa kulakwitsa kwa datum. Mwachitsanzo, pokonza gawo lopangidwa ndi bokosi, ngati datum ya mapangidwe ndi pansi pamtunda ndi mbali ziwiri za bokosi, ndiye kuti kugwiritsa ntchito malowa monga malo osungiramo zinthu panthawi ya makina a makina amatha kuonetsetsa kuti kulondola kwapakati pakati pa machitidwe a dzenje m'bokosi kumagwirizana ndi zofunikira za mapangidwe.
2. Pamene Datum Yamalo ndi Datum Yopanga Sizingagwirizane, Cholakwika cha Malo Ayenera Kuyendetsedwa Molimba Kuti Zitsimikizire Kulondola kwa Machining.
Pamene sikutheka kutengera datum ya mapangidwe ngati malo osungiramo malo chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka ntchito kapena makina opangira makina, ndi zina zotero, ndikofunikira kusanthula molondola ndikuwongolera zolakwika zamalo. Cholakwika chamalo chikuphatikiza cholakwika cha datum missalignment ndi datum displacement error. Mwachitsanzo, pokonza gawo lokhala ndi mawonekedwe ovuta, pangakhale kofunikira kuti muyambe makina opangira datum yothandiza. Panthawiyi, m'pofunika kuwongolera zolakwika za malo mkati mwazovomerezeka pogwiritsa ntchito masanjidwe oyenera komanso njira zamalo kuti muwonetsetse kuti makinawa akulondola. Njira monga kuwongolera kulondola kwazinthu zamalo ndikuwongolera malo atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa vuto la malo.
Pamene sikutheka kutengera datum ya mapangidwe ngati malo osungiramo malo chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka ntchito kapena makina opangira makina, ndi zina zotero, ndikofunikira kusanthula molondola ndikuwongolera zolakwika zamalo. Cholakwika chamalo chikuphatikiza cholakwika cha datum missalignment ndi datum displacement error. Mwachitsanzo, pokonza gawo lokhala ndi mawonekedwe ovuta, pangakhale kofunikira kuti muyambe makina opangira datum yothandiza. Panthawiyi, m'pofunika kuwongolera zolakwika za malo mkati mwazovomerezeka pogwiritsa ntchito masanjidwe oyenera komanso njira zamalo kuti muwonetsetse kuti makinawa akulondola. Njira monga kuwongolera kulondola kwazinthu zamalo ndikuwongolera malo atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa vuto la malo.
3. Pamene Ntchito Yogwirira Ntchito Iyenera Kukonzedwanso Ndi Kupangidwa Kwambiri Kuposa Kawiri, Datum Yosankhidwa Iyenera Kutha Kumaliza Kukonzekera Kwazigawo Zonse Zolondola Zofunikira mu Kukonzekera Kumodzi ndi Malo.
Kwa zida zogwirira ntchito zomwe zimayenera kukonzedwa kangapo, ngati datum ya chosinthira chilichonse sichikugwirizana, zolakwika zochulukirapo zidzayambitsidwa, zomwe zimakhudza kulondola kwathunthu kwa chogwiriracho. Chifukwa chake, datum yoyenera iyenera kusankhidwa kuti amalize kukonza magawo onse olondola kwambiri momwe angathere muzowonjezera chimodzi. Mwachitsanzo, pamene Machining gawo ndi angapo mbali mbali ndi kachitidwe dzenje, ndege yaikulu ndi mabowo awiri angagwiritsidwe ntchito monga datum kwa fixturing mmodzi kumaliza Machining ambiri mabowo kiyi ndi ndege, ndiyeno Machining wa zigawo zina yachiwiri akhoza kuchitidwa, amene akhoza kuchepetsa kutayika molondola chifukwa cha fixturings angapo.
Kwa zida zogwirira ntchito zomwe zimayenera kukonzedwa kangapo, ngati datum ya chosinthira chilichonse sichikugwirizana, zolakwika zochulukirapo zidzayambitsidwa, zomwe zimakhudza kulondola kwathunthu kwa chogwiriracho. Chifukwa chake, datum yoyenera iyenera kusankhidwa kuti amalize kukonza magawo onse olondola kwambiri momwe angathere muzowonjezera chimodzi. Mwachitsanzo, pamene Machining gawo ndi angapo mbali mbali ndi kachitidwe dzenje, ndege yaikulu ndi mabowo awiri angagwiritsidwe ntchito monga datum kwa fixturing mmodzi kumaliza Machining ambiri mabowo kiyi ndi ndege, ndiyeno Machining wa zigawo zina yachiwiri akhoza kuchitidwa, amene akhoza kuchepetsa kutayika molondola chifukwa cha fixturings angapo.
4. Datum Yosankhidwa Iyenera Kuwonetsetsa Kukwaniritsidwa kwa Zamkatimu Zambiri Zomwe Zingatheke.
Izi zitha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ma fixturings ndikuwongolera bwino makina. Mwachitsanzo, pokonza gawo la thupi lozungulira, kusankha malo ake akunja a cylindrical monga malo osungira amatha kumaliza ntchito zosiyanasiyana zamakina monga kutembenuza bwalo lakunja, kukonza ulusi, ndi mphero ya keyway mu fixturing imodzi, kupewa kutaya nthawi ndi kuchepetsa kulondola komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kukonza kangapo.
Izi zitha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ma fixturings ndikuwongolera bwino makina. Mwachitsanzo, pokonza gawo la thupi lozungulira, kusankha malo ake akunja a cylindrical monga malo osungira amatha kumaliza ntchito zosiyanasiyana zamakina monga kutembenuza bwalo lakunja, kukonza ulusi, ndi mphero ya keyway mu fixturing imodzi, kupewa kutaya nthawi ndi kuchepetsa kulondola komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kukonza kangapo.
5. Mukamapanga Ma Batches, Datum ya Malo a Gawoli Iyenera Kukhala Yogwirizana Monga Momwe Kungathekere ndi Chida Chokhazikitsa Datum Yokhazikitsa Workpiece Coordinate System.
Pakupanga batch, kukhazikitsidwa kwa ma workpiece coordinate system ndikofunikira pakuwonetsetsa kusasinthika kwa makina. Ngati datum ya malo ikugwirizana ndi datum yokhazikitsira zida, kukonza mapulogalamu ndi zida zogwirira ntchito zitha kukhala zosavuta, ndipo zolakwika zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chakusintha kwa data zitha kuchepetsedwa. Mwachitsanzo, pamene Machining mtanda wa zigawo zofanana mbale ngati, m'munsi kumanzere ngodya ya gawo akhoza ili pa malo osasunthika pa worktable ya chida makina, ndipo mfundo imeneyi angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chida kukhazikitsa Datum kukhazikitsa workpiece agwirizane dongosolo. Mwanjira imeneyi, popanga gawo lililonse, pulogalamu yofanana yokha ndi magawo oyika zida ziyenera kutsatiridwa, kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito komanso kukhazikika kwa makina olondola.
Pakupanga batch, kukhazikitsidwa kwa ma workpiece coordinate system ndikofunikira pakuwonetsetsa kusasinthika kwa makina. Ngati datum ya malo ikugwirizana ndi datum yokhazikitsira zida, kukonza mapulogalamu ndi zida zogwirira ntchito zitha kukhala zosavuta, ndipo zolakwika zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chakusintha kwa data zitha kuchepetsedwa. Mwachitsanzo, pamene Machining mtanda wa zigawo zofanana mbale ngati, m'munsi kumanzere ngodya ya gawo akhoza ili pa malo osasunthika pa worktable ya chida makina, ndipo mfundo imeneyi angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chida kukhazikitsa Datum kukhazikitsa workpiece agwirizane dongosolo. Mwanjira imeneyi, popanga gawo lililonse, pulogalamu yofanana yokha ndi magawo oyika zida ziyenera kutsatiridwa, kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito komanso kukhazikika kwa makina olondola.
6. Pamene Kukonzekera Kwambiri Kumafunika, Datum Iyenera Kukhala Yogwirizana Isanayambe ndi Pambuyo.
Kaya ndikumata movutikira kapena kumalizitsa, kugwiritsa ntchito datum mosasinthasintha pakusintha kangapo kumatha kutsimikizira kuti pali ubale wolondola pakati pa magawo osiyanasiyana a makina. Mwachitsanzo, pamene Machining lalikulu nkhungu mbali, kuchokera Machining akhakula kuti amalize Machining, nthawi zonse ntchito polekanitsa padziko ndi kupeza mabowo a nkhungu monga datum akhoza kulolerana pakati osiyana Machining ntchito yunifolomu, kupewa chikoka pa kulondola ndi pamwamba khalidwe nkhungu chifukwa chosagwirizana Machining malipiro chifukwa cha kusintha datum.
Kaya ndikumata movutikira kapena kumalizitsa, kugwiritsa ntchito datum mosasinthasintha pakusintha kangapo kumatha kutsimikizira kuti pali ubale wolondola pakati pa magawo osiyanasiyana a makina. Mwachitsanzo, pamene Machining lalikulu nkhungu mbali, kuchokera Machining akhakula kuti amalize Machining, nthawi zonse ntchito polekanitsa padziko ndi kupeza mabowo a nkhungu monga datum akhoza kulolerana pakati osiyana Machining ntchito yunifolomu, kupewa chikoka pa kulondola ndi pamwamba khalidwe nkhungu chifukwa chosagwirizana Machining malipiro chifukwa cha kusintha datum.
III. Kutsimikiza kwa Zosintha mu Machining Centers
(A) Zofunikira Zoyambira Zosintha
1. Njira Yokhomerera Siyenera Kukhudza Chakudya, ndipo Malo Opangira Machining Ayenera Kutsegulidwa
Popanga kachipangizo kachipangizo, sayenera kusokoneza njira ya chakudya cha chida chodulira. Mwachitsanzo, pamene mphero ndi ofukula Machining pakati, ndi clamping mabawuti, kuthamanga mbale, etc. wa fixture sayenera kuletsa mayendedwe njanji wa wodula mphero. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, malo opangira makina ayenera kutsegulidwa momwe angathere kuti chida chodulira chizitha kuyandikira bwino ntchito yodula. Kwazinthu zina zogwirira ntchito zomwe zimakhala ndi zovuta zamkati, monga zigawo zokhala ndi zibowo zakuya kapena mabowo ang'onoang'ono, mapangidwe ake ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti chida chodulira chimatha kufika kumalo opangira makina, kupewa zomwe makina sangathe kuchitidwa chifukwa cha kutsekeka kwazitsulo.
Popanga kachipangizo kachipangizo, sayenera kusokoneza njira ya chakudya cha chida chodulira. Mwachitsanzo, pamene mphero ndi ofukula Machining pakati, ndi clamping mabawuti, kuthamanga mbale, etc. wa fixture sayenera kuletsa mayendedwe njanji wa wodula mphero. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, malo opangira makina ayenera kutsegulidwa momwe angathere kuti chida chodulira chizitha kuyandikira bwino ntchito yodula. Kwazinthu zina zogwirira ntchito zomwe zimakhala ndi zovuta zamkati, monga zigawo zokhala ndi zibowo zakuya kapena mabowo ang'onoang'ono, mapangidwe ake ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti chida chodulira chimatha kufika kumalo opangira makina, kupewa zomwe makina sangathe kuchitidwa chifukwa cha kutsekeka kwazitsulo.
2. Kukonzekera Kuyenera Kutha Kukwaniritsa Kuyika Kokhazikika pa Chida cha Machine
Zomwe zimapangidwira ziyenera kuyika bwino ndikuyika pa tebulo logwirira ntchito la malo opangira makina kuti zitsimikizire malo olondola a workpiece wachibale ndi nkhwangwa zogwirizanitsa za chida cha makina. Nthawi zambiri, makiyi a malo, zikhomo zamalo ndi zinthu zina zamalo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zigwirizane ndi ma grooves ooneka ngati T kapena mabowo a malo omwe ali pa tebulo lachida cha makina kuti akwaniritse kuyika kwachindunji. Mwachitsanzo, pamene machining mbali bokosi woboola pakati ndi yopingasa Machining likulu, malo kiyi pansi pa fixture ntchito kugwirizana ndi T woboola pakati grooves pa worktable ya chida makina kudziwa malo a fixture mu X-olamulira malangizo, ndiyeno zinthu zina malo ntchito kudziwa malo mu Y-olamulira ndi Z-axis pa njira yolondola ya unsembe, ndi Z-axis njira yolondola ya makina ntchito. chida.
Zomwe zimapangidwira ziyenera kuyika bwino ndikuyika pa tebulo logwirira ntchito la malo opangira makina kuti zitsimikizire malo olondola a workpiece wachibale ndi nkhwangwa zogwirizanitsa za chida cha makina. Nthawi zambiri, makiyi a malo, zikhomo zamalo ndi zinthu zina zamalo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zigwirizane ndi ma grooves ooneka ngati T kapena mabowo a malo omwe ali pa tebulo lachida cha makina kuti akwaniritse kuyika kwachindunji. Mwachitsanzo, pamene machining mbali bokosi woboola pakati ndi yopingasa Machining likulu, malo kiyi pansi pa fixture ntchito kugwirizana ndi T woboola pakati grooves pa worktable ya chida makina kudziwa malo a fixture mu X-olamulira malangizo, ndiyeno zinthu zina malo ntchito kudziwa malo mu Y-olamulira ndi Z-axis pa njira yolondola ya unsembe, ndi Z-axis njira yolondola ya makina ntchito. chida.
3. Kukhazikika ndi Kukhazikika kwa Kukonzekera Kuyenera Kukhala Kwabwino
Panthawi yokonza makinawo, makinawo amayenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zodulira, kumenyera mphamvu ndi mphamvu zina. Ngati kusasunthika kwa fixture sikuli kokwanira, kumapunduka pansi pakuchita kwa mphamvu izi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa makina olondola a workpiece. Mwachitsanzo, pochita mphero zothamanga kwambiri, mphamvu yodulira imakhala yayikulu. Ngati kulimba kwa fixture sikokwanira, workpiece adzakhala kunjenjemera pa ndondomeko Machining, zimakhudza pamwamba khalidwe ndi azithunzithunzi zolondola Machining. Chifukwa chake, chowongoleracho chiyenera kupangidwa ndi zida zokhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira komanso zolimba, ndipo kapangidwe kake kayenera kupangidwa momveka bwino, monga kuwonjezera zowuma komanso kutengera zomata zolimba, kuti zikhale zolimba komanso zokhazikika.
Panthawi yokonza makinawo, makinawo amayenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zodulira, kumenyera mphamvu ndi mphamvu zina. Ngati kusasunthika kwa fixture sikuli kokwanira, kumapunduka pansi pakuchita kwa mphamvu izi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa makina olondola a workpiece. Mwachitsanzo, pochita mphero zothamanga kwambiri, mphamvu yodulira imakhala yayikulu. Ngati kulimba kwa fixture sikokwanira, workpiece adzakhala kunjenjemera pa ndondomeko Machining, zimakhudza pamwamba khalidwe ndi azithunzithunzi zolondola Machining. Chifukwa chake, chowongoleracho chiyenera kupangidwa ndi zida zokhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira komanso zolimba, ndipo kapangidwe kake kayenera kupangidwa momveka bwino, monga kuwonjezera zowuma komanso kutengera zomata zolimba, kuti zikhale zolimba komanso zokhazikika.
(B) Mitundu Yodziwika ya Zosintha
1. Zosintha Zonse
Zosintha zonse zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, monga zoyipa, kugawa mitu, ndi ma chucks. Zoyipa zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kugwira tizigawo tating'ono tating'ono tokhala ndi mawonekedwe okhazikika, monga ma cuboids ndi masilindala, ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogaya, kubowola ndi machining ena. Kugawa mitu kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga indexing Machining pa workpieces. Mwachitsanzo, pokonza magawo omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, mutu wogawanika ukhoza kuwongolera molondola kasinthasintha wa workpiece kuti akwaniritse makina opanga masiteshoni ambiri. Chuck amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kugwira ziwalo zozungulira za thupi. Mwachitsanzo, potembenuza, ma chuck a nsagwada zitatu amatha kumangirira mbali zonga ngati shaft ndipo amatha kukhala pakati, omwe ndi osavuta kupanga.
Zosintha zonse zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, monga zoyipa, kugawa mitu, ndi ma chucks. Zoyipa zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kugwira tizigawo tating'ono tating'ono tokhala ndi mawonekedwe okhazikika, monga ma cuboids ndi masilindala, ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogaya, kubowola ndi machining ena. Kugawa mitu kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga indexing Machining pa workpieces. Mwachitsanzo, pokonza magawo omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira, mutu wogawanika ukhoza kuwongolera molondola kasinthasintha wa workpiece kuti akwaniritse makina opanga masiteshoni ambiri. Chuck amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kugwira ziwalo zozungulira za thupi. Mwachitsanzo, potembenuza, ma chuck a nsagwada zitatu amatha kumangirira mbali zonga ngati shaft ndipo amatha kukhala pakati, omwe ndi osavuta kupanga.
2. Ma Modular Fixtures
Ma modular fixtures amapangidwa ndi gulu lazinthu zokhazikika komanso zokhazikika. Zinthu izi zitha kuphatikizidwa mosinthika molingana ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana ogwiritsira ntchito ndi zofunikira zamakina kuti mupange mwachangu cholumikizira choyenera pa ntchito inayake yopangira makina. Mwachitsanzo, pokonza gawo lokhala ndi mawonekedwe osakhazikika, mbale zoyambira zoyenera, mamembala othandizira, mamembala amalo, mamembala omenyera, ndi zina zotere zitha kusankhidwa kuchokera ku laibulale ya modular fixture element ndikusonkhanitsidwa m'malo motengera masanjidwe ena. Ubwino wa ma modular fixtures ndi kusinthasintha kwakukulu komanso kusinthikanso, komwe kungathe kuchepetsa mtengo wopangira ndi kupanga mapangidwe amipikisano, ndipo ndizofunikira makamaka pazoyesa zatsopano komanso kupanga batch yaying'ono.
Ma modular fixtures amapangidwa ndi gulu lazinthu zokhazikika komanso zokhazikika. Zinthu izi zitha kuphatikizidwa mosinthika molingana ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana ogwiritsira ntchito ndi zofunikira zamakina kuti mupange mwachangu cholumikizira choyenera pa ntchito inayake yopangira makina. Mwachitsanzo, pokonza gawo lokhala ndi mawonekedwe osakhazikika, mbale zoyambira zoyenera, mamembala othandizira, mamembala amalo, mamembala omenyera, ndi zina zotere zitha kusankhidwa kuchokera ku laibulale ya modular fixture element ndikusonkhanitsidwa m'malo motengera masanjidwe ena. Ubwino wa ma modular fixtures ndi kusinthasintha kwakukulu komanso kusinthikanso, komwe kungathe kuchepetsa mtengo wopangira ndi kupanga mapangidwe amipikisano, ndipo ndizofunikira makamaka pazoyesa zatsopano komanso kupanga batch yaying'ono.
3. Zosintha Zapadera
Zosintha zapadera zimapangidwira ndikupangidwira ntchito imodzi kapena zingapo zofananira zamakina. Iwo akhoza makonda malinga ndi mawonekedwe enieni, kukula ndi zofunika Machining ndondomeko ya workpiece kukulitsa chitsimikizo cha Machining kulondola ndi dzuwa. Mwachitsanzo, pakupanga midadada ya injini zamagalimoto, chifukwa cha zovuta zake komanso zofunikira zolondola kwambiri za midadada, zida zapadera nthawi zambiri zimapangidwira kuti zitsimikizire kulondola kwa makina a mabowo osiyanasiyana a silinda, ndege ndi magawo ena. Kuipa kwa zida zapadera ndizokwera mtengo wopangira komanso kapangidwe katali, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zoyenera kupanga magulu akulu.
Zosintha zapadera zimapangidwira ndikupangidwira ntchito imodzi kapena zingapo zofananira zamakina. Iwo akhoza makonda malinga ndi mawonekedwe enieni, kukula ndi zofunika Machining ndondomeko ya workpiece kukulitsa chitsimikizo cha Machining kulondola ndi dzuwa. Mwachitsanzo, pakupanga midadada ya injini zamagalimoto, chifukwa cha zovuta zake komanso zofunikira zolondola kwambiri za midadada, zida zapadera nthawi zambiri zimapangidwira kuti zitsimikizire kulondola kwa makina a mabowo osiyanasiyana a silinda, ndege ndi magawo ena. Kuipa kwa zida zapadera ndizokwera mtengo wopangira komanso kapangidwe katali, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zoyenera kupanga magulu akulu.
4. Zosintha Zosinthika
Zosintha zosinthika ndizophatikiza ma modular fixtures ndi zida zapadera. Sikuti amangokhala ndi kusinthasintha kwa ma modular fixtures komanso amatha kuwonetsetsa kulondola kwa makina pamlingo wina. Zosintha zosinthika zimatha kuzolowerana ndi makulidwe amitundu yosiyanasiyana kapena mawonekedwe ofanana posintha malo azinthu zina kapena kusintha magawo ena. Mwachitsanzo, popanga magawo angapo ngati shaft okhala ndi ma diameter osiyanasiyana, chosinthira chosinthika chingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Posintha malo ndi kukula kwa chipangizo cholumikizira, ma shafts amitundu yosiyanasiyana amatha kugwiridwa, kuwongolera chilengedwe chonse komanso kuchuluka kwa magwiritsidwe ake.
Zosintha zosinthika ndizophatikiza ma modular fixtures ndi zida zapadera. Sikuti amangokhala ndi kusinthasintha kwa ma modular fixtures komanso amatha kuwonetsetsa kulondola kwa makina pamlingo wina. Zosintha zosinthika zimatha kuzolowerana ndi makulidwe amitundu yosiyanasiyana kapena mawonekedwe ofanana posintha malo azinthu zina kapena kusintha magawo ena. Mwachitsanzo, popanga magawo angapo ngati shaft okhala ndi ma diameter osiyanasiyana, chosinthira chosinthika chingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Posintha malo ndi kukula kwa chipangizo cholumikizira, ma shafts amitundu yosiyanasiyana amatha kugwiridwa, kuwongolera chilengedwe chonse komanso kuchuluka kwa magwiritsidwe ake.
5. Zosintha zamitundu yambiri
Mipikisano yamasiteshoni amatha kugwira ntchito zingapo panthawi imodzi. Kukonzekera kotereku kumatha kumaliza ntchito zofananira kapena zosiyana pazantchito zingapo pakupanga kumodzi ndikusintha makina, kuwongolera bwino kwambiri makina. Mwachitsanzo, pobowola ndi kubowola tizigawo ting'onoting'ono, malo opangira masiteshoni ambiri amatha kukhala ndi magawo angapo nthawi imodzi. Munthawi imodzi yogwirira ntchito, kubowola ndi kubowola kwa gawo lililonse kumatsirizidwa, kuchepetsa nthawi yogwira ntchito ya chida cha makina ndikuwongolera kupanga bwino.
Mipikisano yamasiteshoni amatha kugwira ntchito zingapo panthawi imodzi. Kukonzekera kotereku kumatha kumaliza ntchito zofananira kapena zosiyana pazantchito zingapo pakupanga kumodzi ndikusintha makina, kuwongolera bwino kwambiri makina. Mwachitsanzo, pobowola ndi kubowola tizigawo ting'onoting'ono, malo opangira masiteshoni ambiri amatha kukhala ndi magawo angapo nthawi imodzi. Munthawi imodzi yogwirira ntchito, kubowola ndi kubowola kwa gawo lililonse kumatsirizidwa, kuchepetsa nthawi yogwira ntchito ya chida cha makina ndikuwongolera kupanga bwino.
6. Zosintha zamagulu
Magulu amagulu amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kugwira ntchito zokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana, kukula kwake ndi malo omwewo kapena ofanana, njira zomangira ndi makina. Zimatengera mfundo yaukadaulo wamagulu, kuyika zida zogwirira ntchito zomwe zili ndi mikhalidwe yofananira m'gulu limodzi, kupanga kapangidwe kake, ndikusinthira ku makina amitundu yosiyanasiyana pagulu posintha kapena kusintha zinthu zina. Mwachitsanzo, popanga ma giya angapo osokonekera, gululo limatha kusintha malo ndi zinthu zomangirira malinga ndi kusintha kwa kabowo, m'mimba mwake, ndi zina zambiri za zida zomwe zikusowekapo kuti mukwaniritse kugwirizira ndi kukonza zida zomwe zidasokonekera, kuwongolera kusinthasintha komanso kupanga kwachangu.
Magulu amagulu amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kugwira ntchito zokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana, kukula kwake ndi malo omwewo kapena ofanana, njira zomangira ndi makina. Zimatengera mfundo yaukadaulo wamagulu, kuyika zida zogwirira ntchito zomwe zili ndi mikhalidwe yofananira m'gulu limodzi, kupanga kapangidwe kake, ndikusinthira ku makina amitundu yosiyanasiyana pagulu posintha kapena kusintha zinthu zina. Mwachitsanzo, popanga ma giya angapo osokonekera, gululo limatha kusintha malo ndi zinthu zomangirira malinga ndi kusintha kwa kabowo, m'mimba mwake, ndi zina zambiri za zida zomwe zikusowekapo kuti mukwaniritse kugwirizira ndi kukonza zida zomwe zidasokonekera, kuwongolera kusinthasintha komanso kupanga kwachangu.
(C) Mfundo Zosankha Zosintha M'ma Machining Center
1. Pansi pa Cholinga Chowonetsetsa Kulondola kwa Machining ndi Kuchita Bwino Kwambiri, Zokonzekera Zonse Ziyenera Kukondedwa.
Zosintha zonse ziyenera kukondedwa chifukwa chakugwiritsa ntchito kwake komanso kutsika mtengo pamene kulondola kwa makinawo komanso kupanga bwino kungakhutitsidwe. Mwachitsanzo, pa ntchito zina zosavuta zachidutswa chimodzi kapena zing'onozing'ono zamakina, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamtundu uliwonse monga zoyipa kumatha kumaliza mwachangu kukonza ndi kukonza zida popanda kufunikira kopanga ndi kupanga zida zovuta.
Zosintha zonse ziyenera kukondedwa chifukwa chakugwiritsa ntchito kwake komanso kutsika mtengo pamene kulondola kwa makinawo komanso kupanga bwino kungakhutitsidwe. Mwachitsanzo, pa ntchito zina zosavuta zachidutswa chimodzi kapena zing'onozing'ono zamakina, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamtundu uliwonse monga zoyipa kumatha kumaliza mwachangu kukonza ndi kukonza zida popanda kufunikira kopanga ndi kupanga zida zovuta.
2. Pamene Machining mu Magulu, Zosavuta Zosintha Zapadera Zingathe Kuganiziridwa
Mukamapanga ma batches, kuti muwongolere magwiridwe antchito am'makina ndikuwonetsetsa kulondola kwa makina, zida zapadera zapadera zitha kuganiziridwa. Ngakhale kuti zidazi ndi zapadera, mapangidwe ake ndi ophweka ndipo mtengo wake sudzakhala wokwera kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, pokonza gawo linalake looneka ngati ma batchi, mbale yapadera yoyikapo ndi chipangizo chomangira chingapangidwe kuti chigwire ntchitoyo mwachangu komanso molondola, kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito ndikuwonetsetsa kulondola kwa makina.
Mukamapanga ma batches, kuti muwongolere magwiridwe antchito am'makina ndikuwonetsetsa kulondola kwa makina, zida zapadera zapadera zitha kuganiziridwa. Ngakhale kuti zidazi ndi zapadera, mapangidwe ake ndi ophweka ndipo mtengo wake sudzakhala wokwera kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, pokonza gawo linalake looneka ngati ma batchi, mbale yapadera yoyikapo ndi chipangizo chomangira chingapangidwe kuti chigwire ntchitoyo mwachangu komanso molondola, kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito ndikuwonetsetsa kulondola kwa makina.
3. Pamene Machining mu Magulu Aakulu, Mipikisano yamasiteshoni ambiri ndi High-efficiency Pneumatic, Hydraulic ndi Zina Zapadera Zosintha Zingathe Kuganiziridwa.
Pakupanga batch yayikulu, kupanga bwino ndikofunikira kwambiri. Zosintha zamasiteshoni zambiri zimatha kukonza nthawi imodzi zogwirira ntchito zingapo, kuwongolera kwambiri kupanga bwino. Pneumatic, hayidiroliki ndi zina zapaderazi mindandanda yamasewera angapereke mphamvu khola ndi lalikulu clamping, kuonetsetsa bata la workpiece pa ndondomeko Machining, ndi clamping ndi kumasula zochita mofulumira, kupititsa patsogolo kupanga dzuwa. Mwachitsanzo, pamizere yayikulu yopangira zida zamagalimoto, zopangira masiteshoni ambiri ndi ma hydraulic fixtures nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti apititse patsogolo kupanga bwino komanso makina abwino.
Pakupanga batch yayikulu, kupanga bwino ndikofunikira kwambiri. Zosintha zamasiteshoni zambiri zimatha kukonza nthawi imodzi zogwirira ntchito zingapo, kuwongolera kwambiri kupanga bwino. Pneumatic, hayidiroliki ndi zina zapaderazi mindandanda yamasewera angapereke mphamvu khola ndi lalikulu clamping, kuonetsetsa bata la workpiece pa ndondomeko Machining, ndi clamping ndi kumasula zochita mofulumira, kupititsa patsogolo kupanga dzuwa. Mwachitsanzo, pamizere yayikulu yopangira zida zamagalimoto, zopangira masiteshoni ambiri ndi ma hydraulic fixtures nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti apititse patsogolo kupanga bwino komanso makina abwino.
4. Pamene Kutengera Gulu Technology, Gulu Fixtures Ayenera Kugwiritsidwa Ntchito
Mukatengera ukadaulo wamagulu pamakina opangira makina omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe ndi makulidwe ofanana, zosintha zamagulu zimatha kuwonetsa zabwino zake, kuchepetsa mitundu ya zomangira ndi mapangidwe ndi ntchito yopangira. Posintha zosintha zamagulu, amatha kusintha kuti agwirizane ndi zofunikira zamakina amitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuwongolera kusinthasintha komanso luso la kupanga. Mwachitsanzo, m'mabizinesi opangira makina, popanga magawo amtundu womwewo koma mawonekedwe ofananira ngati shaft, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamagulu kumatha kuchepetsa mtengo wopangira ndikuwongolera kuwongolera kopanga.
Mukatengera ukadaulo wamagulu pamakina opangira makina omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe ndi makulidwe ofanana, zosintha zamagulu zimatha kuwonetsa zabwino zake, kuchepetsa mitundu ya zomangira ndi mapangidwe ndi ntchito yopangira. Posintha zosintha zamagulu, amatha kusintha kuti agwirizane ndi zofunikira zamakina amitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuwongolera kusinthasintha komanso luso la kupanga. Mwachitsanzo, m'mabizinesi opangira makina, popanga magawo amtundu womwewo koma mawonekedwe ofananira ngati shaft, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamagulu kumatha kuchepetsa mtengo wopangira ndikuwongolera kuwongolera kopanga.
(D) Momwe Mungakhazikitsire Malo Ogwirira Ntchito Pachida Chogwirira Ntchito
The fixturing udindo wa workpiece ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti ndi mkati Machining kuyenda osiyanasiyana olamulira aliyense wa chida makina, kupewa mmene kudula chida sangathe kufika m'dera Machining kapena kugunda ndi zigawo zida makina chifukwa chosayenera fixturing udindo. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kutalika kwa chida chodulira kuyenera kufupikitsidwa momwe mungathere kuti mukhale ndi makina okhwima a chida chodulira. Mwachitsanzo, pamene Machining lalikulu lathyathyathya mbale ngati mbali, ngati workpiece ndi fixtured m'mphepete mwa makina chida worktable, kudula chida akhoza kutalikitsa motalika kwambiri pamene Machining mbali zina, kuchepetsa rigidity wa kudula chida, mosavuta kuchititsa kugwedera ndi mapindikidwe, ndi zimakhudza Machining molondola ndi pamwamba khalidwe. Choncho, malinga ndi mawonekedwe, kukula ndi zofunikira za makina a workpiece, malo okonzerako ayenera kusankhidwa momveka bwino kuti chida chodulira chikhale chogwira ntchito bwino panthawi yopangira makina, kuwongolera khalidwe la Machining ndi bwino.
The fixturing udindo wa workpiece ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti ndi mkati Machining kuyenda osiyanasiyana olamulira aliyense wa chida makina, kupewa mmene kudula chida sangathe kufika m'dera Machining kapena kugunda ndi zigawo zida makina chifukwa chosayenera fixturing udindo. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kutalika kwa chida chodulira kuyenera kufupikitsidwa momwe mungathere kuti mukhale ndi makina okhwima a chida chodulira. Mwachitsanzo, pamene Machining lalikulu lathyathyathya mbale ngati mbali, ngati workpiece ndi fixtured m'mphepete mwa makina chida worktable, kudula chida akhoza kutalikitsa motalika kwambiri pamene Machining mbali zina, kuchepetsa rigidity wa kudula chida, mosavuta kuchititsa kugwedera ndi mapindikidwe, ndi zimakhudza Machining molondola ndi pamwamba khalidwe. Choncho, malinga ndi mawonekedwe, kukula ndi zofunikira za makina a workpiece, malo okonzerako ayenera kusankhidwa momveka bwino kuti chida chodulira chikhale chogwira ntchito bwino panthawi yopangira makina, kuwongolera khalidwe la Machining ndi bwino.
IV. Mapeto
Kusankhidwa koyenera kwa malo opangira makina komanso kutsimikizika koyenera kwa zomangira m'malo opangira makina ndi maulalo ofunikira pakuwonetsetsa kulondola kwa makina ndikuwongolera bwino ntchito. Pamakina enieni, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa bwino ndikutsata zofunikira ndi mfundo za datum ya malo, kusankha mitundu yoyenera yosinthira molingana ndi mawonekedwe ndi zofunikira za makina a workpiece, ndikuzindikira chiwembu chomwe chili choyenera malinga ndi mfundo zosankhidwa. Nthawi yomweyo, chidwi chiyenera kuperekedwa ku kukhathamiritsa malo fixturing wa workpiece pa makina chida worktable ntchito mokwanira bwino mkulu-mwatsatanetsatane ndi mkulu-mwabwino za pakati Machining, kukwaniritsa apamwamba, otsika mtengo ndi mkulu-kusinthasintha kupanga makina machining, kukwaniritsa zofunika zosiyanasiyana za makampani opanga zamakono, ndi kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha makina mosalekeza.
Kusankhidwa koyenera kwa malo opangira makina komanso kutsimikizika koyenera kwa zomangira m'malo opangira makina ndi maulalo ofunikira pakuwonetsetsa kulondola kwa makina ndikuwongolera bwino ntchito. Pamakina enieni, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa bwino ndikutsata zofunikira ndi mfundo za datum ya malo, kusankha mitundu yoyenera yosinthira molingana ndi mawonekedwe ndi zofunikira za makina a workpiece, ndikuzindikira chiwembu chomwe chili choyenera malinga ndi mfundo zosankhidwa. Nthawi yomweyo, chidwi chiyenera kuperekedwa ku kukhathamiritsa malo fixturing wa workpiece pa makina chida worktable ntchito mokwanira bwino mkulu-mwatsatanetsatane ndi mkulu-mwabwino za pakati Machining, kukwaniritsa apamwamba, otsika mtengo ndi mkulu-kusinthasintha kupanga makina machining, kukwaniritsa zofunika zosiyanasiyana za makampani opanga zamakono, ndi kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha makina mosalekeza.
Kupyolera mu kafukufuku wathunthu komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa malo opangira makina komanso zosintha m'malo opangira makina, kupikisana kwamabizinesi opanga makina kumatha kupitsidwanso bwino. Pansi pamalingaliro owonetsetsa kuti zinthu zili bwino, kupanga bwino kumatha kuwongolera, ndalama zopangira zitha kuchepetsedwa, ndipo phindu lalikulu lazachuma ndi chikhalidwe litha kupangidwira mabizinesi. M'malo amtsogolo a makina opangira makina, ndikukula kosalekeza kwa matekinoloje atsopano ndi zida zatsopano, malo opangira makina opangira makina ndi zomangira m'malo opangira makina zidzapitirizabe kupanga zatsopano ndikukula kuti zigwirizane ndi zofunikira za makina ovuta kwambiri komanso apamwamba kwambiri.