Kuwunika kwa Kukonza Kuyenda kwa Zigawo Zolondola Kwambiri Zothamanga M'ma Machining Center
I. Chiyambi
Malo opangira makina amatenga gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakukonza magawo othamanga kwambiri. Amayang'anira zida zamakina kudzera pazidziwitso za digito, kupangitsa zida zamakina kuti zizigwira ntchito zomwe zafotokozedwazo. Njira yopangira izi imatha kutsimikizira kulondola kwapamwamba kwambiri komanso kukhazikika kokhazikika, ndikosavuta kuzindikira ntchito yodzichitira yokha, ndipo ili ndi zabwino zopanga zambiri komanso kadulidwe kakang'ono ka kupanga. Pakadali pano, imatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zida zogwiritsira ntchito, kukwaniritsa zofunikira pakukonzanso zinthu mwachangu ndikusinthanso, ndipo imalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi CAD kuti ikwaniritse kusintha kuchokera ku mapangidwe kupita kuzinthu zomaliza. Kwa ophunzira omwe akuphunzira kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka magawo othamanga kwambiri m'malo opangira makina, ndikofunikira kwambiri kumvetsetsa kugwirizana pakati pa ndondomeko iliyonse ndi kufunikira kwa sitepe iliyonse. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza momveka bwino za kayendedwe kazinthu zonse kuchokera pakuwunika kwazinthu mpaka kuwunikira ndikuwonetsa kudzera muzochitika zinazake. Zida zamilanduzo ndi matabwa amitundu iwiri kapena plexiglass.
Malo opangira makina amatenga gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakukonza magawo othamanga kwambiri. Amayang'anira zida zamakina kudzera pazidziwitso za digito, kupangitsa zida zamakina kuti zizigwira ntchito zomwe zafotokozedwazo. Njira yopangira izi imatha kutsimikizira kulondola kwapamwamba kwambiri komanso kukhazikika kokhazikika, ndikosavuta kuzindikira ntchito yodzichitira yokha, ndipo ili ndi zabwino zopanga zambiri komanso kadulidwe kakang'ono ka kupanga. Pakadali pano, imatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zida zogwiritsira ntchito, kukwaniritsa zofunikira pakukonzanso zinthu mwachangu ndikusinthanso, ndipo imalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi CAD kuti ikwaniritse kusintha kuchokera ku mapangidwe kupita kuzinthu zomaliza. Kwa ophunzira omwe akuphunzira kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka magawo othamanga kwambiri m'malo opangira makina, ndikofunikira kwambiri kumvetsetsa kugwirizana pakati pa ndondomeko iliyonse ndi kufunikira kwa sitepe iliyonse. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza momveka bwino za kayendedwe kazinthu zonse kuchokera pakuwunika kwazinthu mpaka kuwunikira ndikuwonetsa kudzera muzochitika zinazake. Zida zamilanduzo ndi matabwa amitundu iwiri kapena plexiglass.
II. Kusanthula Kwazinthu
(A) Kupeza Zambiri Zolemba
Kusanthula kwazinthu ndiye poyambira njira yonse yoyendetsera. Kupyolera mu siteji iyi, tifunika kupeza chidziwitso chokwanira cha zolemba. Kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya magawo, magwero a chidziwitso chopangidwa ndi ochuluka. Mwachitsanzo, ngati ndi gawo lamakina, tiyenera kumvetsetsa mawonekedwe ake ndi kukula kwake, kuphatikiza ma data a geometric dimension monga kutalika, m'lifupi, kutalika, m'mimba mwake, ndi m'mimba mwake. Deta izi zidzatsimikizira chimango choyambira chokonzekera. Ngati ndi gawo lomwe lili ndi malo okhotakhota ovuta, monga tsamba la injini ya aero-injini, zidziwitso zenizeni zokhota pamafunika, zomwe zitha kupezeka kudzera muukadaulo wapamwamba monga 3D scanning. Komanso, kulolerana zofunika mbali ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri ya zidziwitso zikuchokera, amene limafotokoza osiyanasiyana processing olondola, monga dimensional kulolerana, mawonekedwe kulolerana (zozungulira, kuwongoka, etc.), ndi malo kulolerana (parallelism, perpendicularity, etc.).
(A) Kupeza Zambiri Zolemba
Kusanthula kwazinthu ndiye poyambira njira yonse yoyendetsera. Kupyolera mu siteji iyi, tifunika kupeza chidziwitso chokwanira cha zolemba. Kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya magawo, magwero a chidziwitso chopangidwa ndi ochuluka. Mwachitsanzo, ngati ndi gawo lamakina, tiyenera kumvetsetsa mawonekedwe ake ndi kukula kwake, kuphatikiza ma data a geometric dimension monga kutalika, m'lifupi, kutalika, m'mimba mwake, ndi m'mimba mwake. Deta izi zidzatsimikizira chimango choyambira chokonzekera. Ngati ndi gawo lomwe lili ndi malo okhotakhota ovuta, monga tsamba la injini ya aero-injini, zidziwitso zenizeni zokhota pamafunika, zomwe zitha kupezeka kudzera muukadaulo wapamwamba monga 3D scanning. Komanso, kulolerana zofunika mbali ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri ya zidziwitso zikuchokera, amene limafotokoza osiyanasiyana processing olondola, monga dimensional kulolerana, mawonekedwe kulolerana (zozungulira, kuwongoka, etc.), ndi malo kulolerana (parallelism, perpendicularity, etc.).
(B) Kufotokozera Zofunikira Zokonzekera
Kupatula chidziwitso cha kapangidwe kazinthu, zofunikira pakukonza ndizowunikiranso pakuwunika kwazinthu. Izi zikuphatikizapo mawonekedwe azinthu zamagulu. The katundu wa zipangizo zosiyanasiyana monga kuuma, kulimba, ndi ductility zidzakhudza kusankha processing luso. Mwachitsanzo, kukonza zida zachitsulo zolimba kwambiri kungafunike kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera zodulira ndi magawo odulira. Zofunikira zamtundu wa pamwamba ndizofunikanso. Mwachitsanzo, kufunikira kwa kuuma kwapamtunda ndiko kuti mbali zina zowoneka bwino kwambiri, kuuma kwapamtunda kumatha kufunikira kuti ufike pamlingo wa nanometer. Kuphatikiza apo, palinso zofunika zina zapadera, monga kukana kwa dzimbiri komanso kukana kwa magawo. Zofunikira izi zingafunike njira zowonjezera chithandizo pambuyo pokonza.
Kupatula chidziwitso cha kapangidwe kazinthu, zofunikira pakukonza ndizowunikiranso pakuwunika kwazinthu. Izi zikuphatikizapo mawonekedwe azinthu zamagulu. The katundu wa zipangizo zosiyanasiyana monga kuuma, kulimba, ndi ductility zidzakhudza kusankha processing luso. Mwachitsanzo, kukonza zida zachitsulo zolimba kwambiri kungafunike kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera zodulira ndi magawo odulira. Zofunikira zamtundu wa pamwamba ndizofunikanso. Mwachitsanzo, kufunikira kwa kuuma kwapamtunda ndiko kuti mbali zina zowoneka bwino kwambiri, kuuma kwapamtunda kumatha kufunikira kuti ufike pamlingo wa nanometer. Kuphatikiza apo, palinso zofunika zina zapadera, monga kukana kwa dzimbiri komanso kukana kwa magawo. Zofunikira izi zingafunike njira zowonjezera chithandizo pambuyo pokonza.
III. Luso lazojambula
(A) Kupanga Maziko Otengera Kusanthula Kwazinthu
Zojambulajambula zimatengera kusanthula kwatsatanetsatane kwa chinthucho. Kutenga kusindikiza chisindikizo monga chitsanzo, choyamba, font iyenera kutsimikiziridwa molingana ndi zofunikira za kukonza. Ngati ndi chisindikizo chovomerezeka, mtundu wamba wa Nyimbo kapena mtundu wanyimbo wotsanzira ungagwiritsidwe ntchito; ngati ndi chisindikizo cha zojambulajambula, kusankha kwa mafonti kumakhala kosiyana kwambiri, ndipo kumatha kukhala zilembo zosindikizira, zolemba zachipembedzo, ndi zina zambiri, zomwe zimakhala ndi luso laluso. Ukulu wa malembawo uyenera kutsimikiziridwa malinga ndi kukula kwake ndi cholinga cha chisindikizocho. Mwachitsanzo, kukula kwa mawu a chisindikizo chaching'ono chaumwini ndi chaching'ono, pamene kukula kwa malemba a chisindikizo chachikulu cha kampani ndi chachikulu. Mtundu wa chisindikizo ndi wofunikanso kwambiri. Pali mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana monga zozungulira, lalikulu, ndi oval. Mapangidwe a mawonekedwe aliwonse amayenera kuganizira za kalembedwe ka mkati ndi mawonekedwe.
(A) Kupanga Maziko Otengera Kusanthula Kwazinthu
Zojambulajambula zimatengera kusanthula kwatsatanetsatane kwa chinthucho. Kutenga kusindikiza chisindikizo monga chitsanzo, choyamba, font iyenera kutsimikiziridwa molingana ndi zofunikira za kukonza. Ngati ndi chisindikizo chovomerezeka, mtundu wamba wa Nyimbo kapena mtundu wanyimbo wotsanzira ungagwiritsidwe ntchito; ngati ndi chisindikizo cha zojambulajambula, kusankha kwa mafonti kumakhala kosiyana kwambiri, ndipo kumatha kukhala zilembo zosindikizira, zolemba zachipembedzo, ndi zina zambiri, zomwe zimakhala ndi luso laluso. Ukulu wa malembawo uyenera kutsimikiziridwa malinga ndi kukula kwake ndi cholinga cha chisindikizocho. Mwachitsanzo, kukula kwa mawu a chisindikizo chaching'ono chaumwini ndi chaching'ono, pamene kukula kwa malemba a chisindikizo chachikulu cha kampani ndi chachikulu. Mtundu wa chisindikizo ndi wofunikanso kwambiri. Pali mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana monga zozungulira, lalikulu, ndi oval. Mapangidwe a mawonekedwe aliwonse amayenera kuganizira za kalembedwe ka mkati ndi mawonekedwe.
(B) Kupanga Zithunzi Pogwiritsa Ntchito Professional Software
Pambuyo pozindikira zinthu zofunikazi, pulogalamu yaukadaulo yojambula zithunzi iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga zithunzi. Pazithunzi zosavuta zamitundu iwiri, mapulogalamu monga AutoCAD angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Mu mapulogalamuwa, ndondomeko ya gawolo ikhoza kujambulidwa molondola, ndipo makulidwe, mtundu, ndi zina za mizere zikhoza kukhazikitsidwa. Pazithunzi zovuta zamitundu itatu, mapulogalamu amitundu itatu monga SolidWorks ndi UG ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mapulogalamuwa amatha kupanga magawo okhala ndi mawonekedwe opindika ovuta komanso mawonekedwe olimba, ndipo amatha kupanga mapangidwe a parametric, kuwongolera kusinthidwa ndi kukhathamiritsa kwazithunzi. Panthawi yojambula zithunzi, zofunikira zaukadaulo wotsatira wokonza ziyeneranso kuganiziridwa. Mwachitsanzo, kuti athandizire kupanga njira zopangira zida, zojambulazo ziyenera kukhala zosanjikiza bwino komanso zogawanika.
Pambuyo pozindikira zinthu zofunikazi, pulogalamu yaukadaulo yojambula zithunzi iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga zithunzi. Pazithunzi zosavuta zamitundu iwiri, mapulogalamu monga AutoCAD angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Mu mapulogalamuwa, ndondomeko ya gawolo ikhoza kujambulidwa molondola, ndipo makulidwe, mtundu, ndi zina za mizere zikhoza kukhazikitsidwa. Pazithunzi zovuta zamitundu itatu, mapulogalamu amitundu itatu monga SolidWorks ndi UG ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mapulogalamuwa amatha kupanga magawo okhala ndi mawonekedwe opindika ovuta komanso mawonekedwe olimba, ndipo amatha kupanga mapangidwe a parametric, kuwongolera kusinthidwa ndi kukhathamiritsa kwazithunzi. Panthawi yojambula zithunzi, zofunikira zaukadaulo wotsatira wokonza ziyeneranso kuganiziridwa. Mwachitsanzo, kuti athandizire kupanga njira zopangira zida, zojambulazo ziyenera kukhala zosanjikiza bwino komanso zogawanika.
IV. Kukonzekera Njira
(A) Kukonzekera Njira Zokonzekera Kuchokera ku Global Perspective
Kukonzekera ndondomeko ndikukhazikitsa gawo lililonse lokonzekera kuchokera kumalingaliro apadziko lonse lapansi kutengera kusanthula kwakuya kwakuwoneka ndi kukonza zofunikira za chinthu chogwirira ntchito. Izi zimafuna kuganizira kachitidwe kachitidwe, njira zopangira, ndi zida zodulira ndi zida zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Pazigawo zomwe zili ndi zinthu zingapo, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ndi gawo liti lomwe liyenera kukonzedwa kaye ndi lomwe lingasinthe pambuyo pake. Mwachitsanzo, gawo lomwe lili ndi mabowo ndi ndege, nthawi zambiri ndegeyo imakonzedwa kaye kuti ipereke malo okhazikika opangira mabowo. Kusankhidwa kwa njira yopangira kumadalira zinthu ndi mawonekedwe a gawolo. Mwachitsanzo, kwa kunja zozungulira pamwamba processing, kutembenuka, akupera, etc. akhoza kusankhidwa; kwa mkati dzenje processing, kubowola, wotopetsa, etc. akhoza anatengera.
(A) Kukonzekera Njira Zokonzekera Kuchokera ku Global Perspective
Kukonzekera ndondomeko ndikukhazikitsa gawo lililonse lokonzekera kuchokera kumalingaliro apadziko lonse lapansi kutengera kusanthula kwakuya kwakuwoneka ndi kukonza zofunikira za chinthu chogwirira ntchito. Izi zimafuna kuganizira kachitidwe kachitidwe, njira zopangira, ndi zida zodulira ndi zida zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Pazigawo zomwe zili ndi zinthu zingapo, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti ndi gawo liti lomwe liyenera kukonzedwa kaye ndi lomwe lingasinthe pambuyo pake. Mwachitsanzo, gawo lomwe lili ndi mabowo ndi ndege, nthawi zambiri ndegeyo imakonzedwa kaye kuti ipereke malo okhazikika opangira mabowo. Kusankhidwa kwa njira yopangira kumadalira zinthu ndi mawonekedwe a gawolo. Mwachitsanzo, kwa kunja zozungulira pamwamba processing, kutembenuka, akupera, etc. akhoza kusankhidwa; kwa mkati dzenje processing, kubowola, wotopetsa, etc. akhoza anatengera.
(B) Kusankha Zida Zodula Zoyenera ndi Zokonza
Kusankhidwa kwa zida zodulira ndi kukonza ndi gawo lofunikira pokonzekera ndondomeko. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zida zodulira, kuphatikiza zida zokhotakhota, zida za mphero, zobowola, zida zotopetsa, ndi zina zambiri, ndipo mtundu uliwonse wa chida chodulira uli ndi zitsanzo ndi magawo osiyanasiyana. Posankha zida zodulira, zinthu monga zinthu za gawolo, kulondola kwa kukonza, komanso kuwongolera pamwamba ziyenera kuganiziridwa. Mwachitsanzo, zida zodulira zitsulo zothamanga kwambiri zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza zida za aluminiyamu aloyi, pomwe zida zodulira carbide kapena zida zodulira za ceramic zimafunikira kukonza zida zolimba zachitsulo. Ntchito yazitsulo ndi kukonza workpiece kuti zitsimikizire kukhazikika ndi kulondola panthawi yokonza. Mitundu yodziwika bwino imakhala ndi ma chucks a nsagwada zitatu, ma chucks a nsagwada zinayi, ndi pliers-pakamwa. Pazigawo zokhala ndi mawonekedwe osakhazikika, zida zapadera zingafunikire kupangidwa. Pokonzekera ndondomeko, zokonzekera zoyenera ziyenera kusankhidwa molingana ndi mawonekedwe ndi zofunikira za gawolo kuti zitsimikizire kuti chogwirira ntchito sichidzachotsedwa kapena kupunduka panthawi yokonza.
Kusankhidwa kwa zida zodulira ndi kukonza ndi gawo lofunikira pokonzekera ndondomeko. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zida zodulira, kuphatikiza zida zokhotakhota, zida za mphero, zobowola, zida zotopetsa, ndi zina zambiri, ndipo mtundu uliwonse wa chida chodulira uli ndi zitsanzo ndi magawo osiyanasiyana. Posankha zida zodulira, zinthu monga zinthu za gawolo, kulondola kwa kukonza, komanso kuwongolera pamwamba ziyenera kuganiziridwa. Mwachitsanzo, zida zodulira zitsulo zothamanga kwambiri zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza zida za aluminiyamu aloyi, pomwe zida zodulira carbide kapena zida zodulira za ceramic zimafunikira kukonza zida zolimba zachitsulo. Ntchito yazitsulo ndi kukonza workpiece kuti zitsimikizire kukhazikika ndi kulondola panthawi yokonza. Mitundu yodziwika bwino imakhala ndi ma chucks a nsagwada zitatu, ma chucks a nsagwada zinayi, ndi pliers-pakamwa. Pazigawo zokhala ndi mawonekedwe osakhazikika, zida zapadera zingafunikire kupangidwa. Pokonzekera ndondomeko, zokonzekera zoyenera ziyenera kusankhidwa molingana ndi mawonekedwe ndi zofunikira za gawolo kuti zitsimikizire kuti chogwirira ntchito sichidzachotsedwa kapena kupunduka panthawi yokonza.
V. Njira Generation
(A) Kukhazikitsa Mapulani a Njira kudzera pa Mapulogalamu
Kupanga njira ndi njira yokhazikitsira ndondomeko ya ndondomeko pogwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu. Pochita izi, zojambula zopangidwira ndi magawo okonzekera ziyenera kulowetsedwa mu mapulogalamu owongolera manambala monga MasterCAM ndi Cimatron. Mapulogalamuwa apanga njira zopangira zida malinga ndi zomwe zalowetsedwa. Popanga zida zopangira zida, zinthu monga mtundu, kukula, ndi magawo odulira a zida zodulira ziyenera kuganiziridwa. Mwachitsanzo, pokonza mphero, m'mimba mwake, kuthamanga kwa kasinthasintha, kuchuluka kwa chakudya, ndi kuzama kwa chida chogaya kuyenera kukhazikitsidwa. Pulogalamuyi idzawerengera njira yoyendetsera chida chodulira chogwiritsira ntchito molingana ndi magawowa ndikupanga ma G code ndi M ma code. Zizindikirozi zidzatsogolera chida cha makina kuti chigwire ntchito.
(A) Kukhazikitsa Mapulani a Njira kudzera pa Mapulogalamu
Kupanga njira ndi njira yokhazikitsira ndondomeko ya ndondomeko pogwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu. Pochita izi, zojambula zopangidwira ndi magawo okonzekera ziyenera kulowetsedwa mu mapulogalamu owongolera manambala monga MasterCAM ndi Cimatron. Mapulogalamuwa apanga njira zopangira zida malinga ndi zomwe zalowetsedwa. Popanga zida zopangira zida, zinthu monga mtundu, kukula, ndi magawo odulira a zida zodulira ziyenera kuganiziridwa. Mwachitsanzo, pokonza mphero, m'mimba mwake, kuthamanga kwa kasinthasintha, kuchuluka kwa chakudya, ndi kuzama kwa chida chogaya kuyenera kukhazikitsidwa. Pulogalamuyi idzawerengera njira yoyendetsera chida chodulira chogwiritsira ntchito molingana ndi magawowa ndikupanga ma G code ndi M ma code. Zizindikirozi zidzatsogolera chida cha makina kuti chigwire ntchito.
(B) Kukonzekeletsa Magawo a Njira Yachida
Nthawi yomweyo, magawo a njira ya zida amakongoletsedwa ndi makonzedwe a parameter. Kukonza njira ya chida kumatha kupititsa patsogolo kukonza bwino, kuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito, komanso kukonza bwino. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi yokonza ikhoza kuchepetsedwa ndikusintha magawo odulira ndikuwonetsetsa kulondola kwa kukonza. Njira yoyenera yopangira chida iyenera kuchepetsa kukwapula kosagwira ntchito ndikusunga chida chodulira mosalekeza panthawi yokonza. Kuphatikiza apo, kuvala kwa chida chodulira kumatha kuchepetsedwa ndi kukhathamiritsa njira ya chida, ndipo moyo wautumiki wa chida chodulira ukhoza kupitilira. Mwachitsanzo, potengera njira yoyenera yodulira ndi njira yodulira, chida chodulira chimatha kupewedwa kuti chisadulidwe pafupipafupi ndikutuluka panthawi yokonza, kuchepetsa kukhudzidwa kwa chida chodulira.
Nthawi yomweyo, magawo a njira ya zida amakongoletsedwa ndi makonzedwe a parameter. Kukonza njira ya chida kumatha kupititsa patsogolo kukonza bwino, kuchepetsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito, komanso kukonza bwino. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi yokonza ikhoza kuchepetsedwa ndikusintha magawo odulira ndikuwonetsetsa kulondola kwa kukonza. Njira yoyenera yopangira chida iyenera kuchepetsa kukwapula kosagwira ntchito ndikusunga chida chodulira mosalekeza panthawi yokonza. Kuphatikiza apo, kuvala kwa chida chodulira kumatha kuchepetsedwa ndi kukhathamiritsa njira ya chida, ndipo moyo wautumiki wa chida chodulira ukhoza kupitilira. Mwachitsanzo, potengera njira yoyenera yodulira ndi njira yodulira, chida chodulira chimatha kupewedwa kuti chisadulidwe pafupipafupi ndikutuluka panthawi yokonza, kuchepetsa kukhudzidwa kwa chida chodulira.
VI. Kuyerekeza Njira
(A) Kufufuza Mavuto Amene Angachitike
Njira ikapangidwa, nthawi zambiri sitikhala ndi chidziwitso chokhudza momwe ntchito yake yomaliza imagwirira ntchito pamakina. Kuyerekeza kwa njira ndikuwunika zovuta zomwe zingatheke kuti muchepetse kuchulukira kwazinthu zenizeni. Panthawi yoyeserera njira, zotsatira za mawonekedwe a workpiece nthawi zambiri zimafufuzidwa. Kupyolera mu kayeseleledwe, zikhoza kuwoneka ngati pamwamba pa gawo lokonzedwa ndi losalala, kaya pali zizindikiro za zida, zokopa, ndi zolakwika zina. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana ngati pali kudula kwambiri kapena kudulidwa. Kudula mopitirira muyeso kumapangitsa kuti gawolo likhale laling'ono kusiyana ndi kukula kwake, zomwe zimakhudza ntchito ya gawolo; pansi-kudula kumapangitsa kuti gawolo likhale lokulirapo ndipo lingafunike kukonza kwachiwiri.
(A) Kufufuza Mavuto Amene Angachitike
Njira ikapangidwa, nthawi zambiri sitikhala ndi chidziwitso chokhudza momwe ntchito yake yomaliza imagwirira ntchito pamakina. Kuyerekeza kwa njira ndikuwunika zovuta zomwe zingatheke kuti muchepetse kuchulukira kwazinthu zenizeni. Panthawi yoyeserera njira, zotsatira za mawonekedwe a workpiece nthawi zambiri zimafufuzidwa. Kupyolera mu kayeseleledwe, zikhoza kuwoneka ngati pamwamba pa gawo lokonzedwa ndi losalala, kaya pali zizindikiro za zida, zokopa, ndi zolakwika zina. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana ngati pali kudula kwambiri kapena kudulidwa. Kudula mopitirira muyeso kumapangitsa kuti gawolo likhale laling'ono kusiyana ndi kukula kwake, zomwe zimakhudza ntchito ya gawolo; pansi-kudula kumapangitsa kuti gawolo likhale lokulirapo ndipo lingafunike kukonza kwachiwiri.
(B) Kuwunika Kulingalira kwa Kukonzekera Njira
Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kuwunika ngati njira yokonzekera njirayo ndiyoyenera. Mwachitsanzo, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana ngati pali kutembenuka kopanda nzeru, kuyimitsa mwadzidzidzi, ndi zina zambiri panjira ya chida. Izi zingayambitse kuwonongeka kwa chida chodulira komanso kuchepa kwa kulondola kwa kukonza. Kupyolera mu kayeseleledwe ka njira, ndondomeko yokonzekera ikhoza kukonzedwanso, ndipo njira yopangira zida ndi magawo opangira zinthu zikhoza kusinthidwa kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti gawolo likhoza kukonzedwa bwino panthawi ya ndondomeko yeniyeni komanso khalidwe lokonzekera likhoza kutsimikiziridwa.
Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kuwunika ngati njira yokonzekera njirayo ndiyoyenera. Mwachitsanzo, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana ngati pali kutembenuka kopanda nzeru, kuyimitsa mwadzidzidzi, ndi zina zambiri panjira ya chida. Izi zingayambitse kuwonongeka kwa chida chodulira komanso kuchepa kwa kulondola kwa kukonza. Kupyolera mu kayeseleledwe ka njira, ndondomeko yokonzekera ikhoza kukonzedwanso, ndipo njira yopangira zida ndi magawo opangira zinthu zikhoza kusinthidwa kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti gawolo likhoza kukonzedwa bwino panthawi ya ndondomeko yeniyeni komanso khalidwe lokonzekera likhoza kutsimikiziridwa.
VII. Kutuluka kwa Njira
(A) Ulalo pakati pa Mapulogalamu ndi Chida cha Machine
Kutulutsa kwanjira ndi gawo lofunikira kuti pulogalamu yopangira mapulogalamu akhazikitsidwe pa chida cha makina. Zimakhazikitsa mgwirizano pakati pa mapulogalamu ndi chida cha makina. Panthawi yotulutsa njira, ma G codes opangidwa ndi M ma code ayenera kutumizidwa ku dongosolo lolamulira la chida cha makina pogwiritsa ntchito njira zopatsirana. Njira zopatsirana zofala zimaphatikizapo RS232 serial port communication, Ethernet communication, and USB interface transmission. Panthawi yopatsirana, kulondola ndi kukhulupirika kwa ma code kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa kuti tipewe kutayika kwa ma code kapena zolakwika.
(A) Ulalo pakati pa Mapulogalamu ndi Chida cha Machine
Kutulutsa kwanjira ndi gawo lofunikira kuti pulogalamu yopangira mapulogalamu akhazikitsidwe pa chida cha makina. Zimakhazikitsa mgwirizano pakati pa mapulogalamu ndi chida cha makina. Panthawi yotulutsa njira, ma G codes opangidwa ndi M ma code ayenera kutumizidwa ku dongosolo lolamulira la chida cha makina pogwiritsa ntchito njira zopatsirana. Njira zopatsirana zofala zimaphatikizapo RS232 serial port communication, Ethernet communication, and USB interface transmission. Panthawi yopatsirana, kulondola ndi kukhulupirika kwa ma code kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa kuti tipewe kutayika kwa ma code kapena zolakwika.
(B) Kumvetsetsa kwa Tool Path Post-processing
Kwa ophunzira omwe ali ndi luso lowongolera manambala, kutulutsa njira kumatha kumveka ngati kukonzanso njira ya zida. Cholinga cha post-processing ndi kutembenuza ma code omwe amapangidwa ndi mapulogalamu ambiri owongolera manambala kukhala ma code omwe angazindikiridwe ndi dongosolo lolamulira la chida china cha makina. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamakina owongolera zida zamakina imakhala ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana pamawonekedwe ndi malangizo a ma code, kotero kukonzanso kumafunika. Panthawi yokonza pambuyo pake, zoikidwiratu ziyenera kupangidwa molingana ndi zinthu monga chitsanzo cha makina opangira makina ndi mtundu wa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake.
Kwa ophunzira omwe ali ndi luso lowongolera manambala, kutulutsa njira kumatha kumveka ngati kukonzanso njira ya zida. Cholinga cha post-processing ndi kutembenuza ma code omwe amapangidwa ndi mapulogalamu ambiri owongolera manambala kukhala ma code omwe angazindikiridwe ndi dongosolo lolamulira la chida china cha makina. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamakina owongolera zida zamakina imakhala ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana pamawonekedwe ndi malangizo a ma code, kotero kukonzanso kumafunika. Panthawi yokonza pambuyo pake, zoikidwiratu ziyenera kupangidwa molingana ndi zinthu monga chitsanzo cha makina opangira makina ndi mtundu wa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake.
VIII. Kukonza
(A) Kukonzekera kwa Chida cha Makina ndi Kukhazikitsa Parameter
Akamaliza linanena bungwe njira, processing siteji analowa. Choyamba, chida cha makina chiyenera kukonzekera, kuphatikizapo kuyang'ana ngati mbali iliyonse ya makinawo ndi yabwinobwino, monga ngati spindle, njanji yowongolera, ndi screw rod zikuyenda bwino. Kenako, magawo a chida cha makina amayenera kukhazikitsidwa molingana ndi zofunikira pakukonza, monga kuthamanga kwa spindle, kuchuluka kwa chakudya, ndi kudula kuya. Zosinthazi ziyenera kukhala zogwirizana ndi zomwe zimayikidwa panthawi yopangira njira kuti zitsimikizire kuti ntchitoyo ikuyenda molingana ndi njira yomwe idakonzedweratu. Nthawi yomweyo, workpiece iyenera kukhazikitsidwa bwino pamitu kuti iwonetsetse kuti malo ogwirira ntchito ali olondola.
(A) Kukonzekera kwa Chida cha Makina ndi Kukhazikitsa Parameter
Akamaliza linanena bungwe njira, processing siteji analowa. Choyamba, chida cha makina chiyenera kukonzekera, kuphatikizapo kuyang'ana ngati mbali iliyonse ya makinawo ndi yabwinobwino, monga ngati spindle, njanji yowongolera, ndi screw rod zikuyenda bwino. Kenako, magawo a chida cha makina amayenera kukhazikitsidwa molingana ndi zofunikira pakukonza, monga kuthamanga kwa spindle, kuchuluka kwa chakudya, ndi kudula kuya. Zosinthazi ziyenera kukhala zogwirizana ndi zomwe zimayikidwa panthawi yopangira njira kuti zitsimikizire kuti ntchitoyo ikuyenda molingana ndi njira yomwe idakonzedweratu. Nthawi yomweyo, workpiece iyenera kukhazikitsidwa bwino pamitu kuti iwonetsetse kuti malo ogwirira ntchito ali olondola.
(B) Kuyang'anira ndi Kusintha Njira Yopangira
Panthawi yokonza, makina ogwiritsira ntchito makina ayenera kuyang'aniridwa. Kupyolera mu chinsalu chowonetsera chida cha makina, kusintha kwa magawo opangira zinthu monga spindle load ndi mphamvu yodulira kumatha kuwonedwa mu nthawi yeniyeni. Ngati chizindikiro chosazolowereka chikapezeka, monga kuchuluka kwa spindle, kungayambitsidwe ndi zinthu monga kuvala kwa zida ndi zodula zopanda nzeru, ndipo ziyenera kusinthidwa nthawi yomweyo. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chidwi chiyenera kuperekedwa ku phokoso ndi kugwedezeka kwa ndondomeko yokonza. Kumveka kwachilendo ndi kugwedezeka kungasonyeze kuti pali vuto ndi chida cha makina kapena chida chodulira. Panthawi yokonza, khalidwe lokonzekera liyeneranso kuyesedwa ndikuwunikiridwa, monga kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoyezera kuti muyese kukula kwake ndikuyang'ana khalidwe lapamwamba la kukonza, ndikupeza zovuta mwamsanga ndikuchitapo kanthu kuti zitheke.
Panthawi yokonza, makina ogwiritsira ntchito makina ayenera kuyang'aniridwa. Kupyolera mu chinsalu chowonetsera chida cha makina, kusintha kwa magawo opangira zinthu monga spindle load ndi mphamvu yodulira kumatha kuwonedwa mu nthawi yeniyeni. Ngati chizindikiro chosazolowereka chikapezeka, monga kuchuluka kwa spindle, kungayambitsidwe ndi zinthu monga kuvala kwa zida ndi zodula zopanda nzeru, ndipo ziyenera kusinthidwa nthawi yomweyo. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chidwi chiyenera kuperekedwa ku phokoso ndi kugwedezeka kwa ndondomeko yokonza. Kumveka kwachilendo ndi kugwedezeka kungasonyeze kuti pali vuto ndi chida cha makina kapena chida chodulira. Panthawi yokonza, khalidwe lokonzekera liyeneranso kuyesedwa ndikuwunikiridwa, monga kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoyezera kuti muyese kukula kwake ndikuyang'ana khalidwe lapamwamba la kukonza, ndikupeza zovuta mwamsanga ndikuchitapo kanthu kuti zitheke.
IX. Kuyendera
(A) Kugwiritsa Ntchito Njira Zambiri Zoyendera
Kuyang'anira ndi gawo lomaliza la kayendetsedwe kazinthu zonse ndipo ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri kuti muwonetsetse kuti zinthu zili bwino. Panthawi yowunika, njira zingapo zowunikira ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuti muwone kulondola kwa mawonekedwe, zida zoyezera monga vernier calipers, micrometers, ndi zida zoyezera zogwirizanitsa zitatu zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Vernier calipers ndi ma micrometers ndi oyenera kuyeza miyeso yosavuta, pomwe zida zoyezera zolumikizana zitatu zimatha kuyeza molondola miyeso yamitundu itatu ndi zolakwika za mawonekedwe a magawo ovuta. Poyang'ana mawonekedwe a pamwamba, mita ya roughness ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyeza kuuma kwa pamwamba, ndipo microscope ya kuwala kapena microscope yamagetsi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyang'ana pamwamba pa microscopic morphology, kuona ngati pali ming'alu, pores, ndi zolakwika zina.
(A) Kugwiritsa Ntchito Njira Zambiri Zoyendera
Kuyang'anira ndi gawo lomaliza la kayendetsedwe kazinthu zonse ndipo ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri kuti muwonetsetse kuti zinthu zili bwino. Panthawi yowunika, njira zingapo zowunikira ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuti muwone kulondola kwa mawonekedwe, zida zoyezera monga vernier calipers, micrometers, ndi zida zoyezera zogwirizanitsa zitatu zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Vernier calipers ndi ma micrometers ndi oyenera kuyeza miyeso yosavuta, pomwe zida zoyezera zolumikizana zitatu zimatha kuyeza molondola miyeso yamitundu itatu ndi zolakwika za mawonekedwe a magawo ovuta. Poyang'ana mawonekedwe a pamwamba, mita ya roughness ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyeza kuuma kwa pamwamba, ndipo microscope ya kuwala kapena microscope yamagetsi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyang'ana pamwamba pa microscopic morphology, kuona ngati pali ming'alu, pores, ndi zolakwika zina.
(B) Kuunika kwa Ubwino ndi Ndemanga
Malingana ndi zotsatira zowunikira, khalidwe la mankhwala limayesedwa. Ngati khalidwe la mankhwala likukwaniritsa zofunikira za mapangidwe, likhoza kulowa mu ndondomeko yotsatira kapena kupakidwa ndikusungidwa. Ngati khalidwe la mankhwala silikugwirizana ndi zofunikira, zifukwa ziyenera kufufuzidwa. Zitha kukhala chifukwa cha zovuta zamakina, zovuta zamakina, zida zamakina, ndi zina zambiri panthawi yokonza. Njira ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti ziwongolere, monga kusintha magawo, kusintha zida, kukonza zida zamakina, ndi zina zambiri, kenako gawolo limasinthidwanso mpaka mtundu wazinthuzo utayenerera. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zotsatira zowunikira ziyenera kubwezeretsedwanso kumayendedwe am'mbuyomo kuti apereke maziko a kukhathamiritsa kwa ndondomeko ndi kusintha kwa khalidwe.
Malingana ndi zotsatira zowunikira, khalidwe la mankhwala limayesedwa. Ngati khalidwe la mankhwala likukwaniritsa zofunikira za mapangidwe, likhoza kulowa mu ndondomeko yotsatira kapena kupakidwa ndikusungidwa. Ngati khalidwe la mankhwala silikugwirizana ndi zofunikira, zifukwa ziyenera kufufuzidwa. Zitha kukhala chifukwa cha zovuta zamakina, zovuta zamakina, zida zamakina, ndi zina zambiri panthawi yokonza. Njira ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti ziwongolere, monga kusintha magawo, kusintha zida, kukonza zida zamakina, ndi zina zambiri, kenako gawolo limasinthidwanso mpaka mtundu wazinthuzo utayenerera. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zotsatira zowunikira ziyenera kubwezeretsedwanso kumayendedwe am'mbuyomo kuti apereke maziko a kukhathamiritsa kwa ndondomeko ndi kusintha kwa khalidwe.
X. Mwachidule
The processing otaya mkulu-liwiro mwatsatanetsatane m'malo Machining ndi dongosolo zovuta ndi okhwima. Gawo lirilonse kuchokera ku kusanthula kwazinthu kupita ku kuyendera limakhala lolumikizana komanso limakhudzidwa. Pokhapokha pomvetsetsa kufunikira ndi njira zogwirira ntchito za gawo lililonse ndikuyang'anitsitsa kugwirizana pakati pa magawo omwe amatha kukonzedwa bwino kwambiri komanso ndipamwamba kwambiri. Ophunzila adziunjikira luso ndi kupititsa patsogolo luso lokonza zinthu pophatikiza kuphunzira mwangongole ndi kagwiridwe ka ntchito pa nthawi yophunzirira kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zopanga zamakono kuti zitheke mwachangu kwambiri. Panthawiyi, ndi chitukuko mosalekeza sayansi ndi luso, luso la malo Machining nthawi zonse kusinthidwa, ndi otaya processing ayenera mosalekeza wokometsedwa ndi bwino kusintha processing Mwachangu ndi khalidwe, kuchepetsa ndalama, ndi kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha makampani opanga.
The processing otaya mkulu-liwiro mwatsatanetsatane m'malo Machining ndi dongosolo zovuta ndi okhwima. Gawo lirilonse kuchokera ku kusanthula kwazinthu kupita ku kuyendera limakhala lolumikizana komanso limakhudzidwa. Pokhapokha pomvetsetsa kufunikira ndi njira zogwirira ntchito za gawo lililonse ndikuyang'anitsitsa kugwirizana pakati pa magawo omwe amatha kukonzedwa bwino kwambiri komanso ndipamwamba kwambiri. Ophunzila adziunjikira luso ndi kupititsa patsogolo luso lokonza zinthu pophatikiza kuphunzira mwangongole ndi kagwiridwe ka ntchito pa nthawi yophunzirira kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zopanga zamakono kuti zitheke mwachangu kwambiri. Panthawiyi, ndi chitukuko mosalekeza sayansi ndi luso, luso la malo Machining nthawi zonse kusinthidwa, ndi otaya processing ayenera mosalekeza wokometsedwa ndi bwino kusintha processing Mwachangu ndi khalidwe, kuchepetsa ndalama, ndi kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha makampani opanga.