"Kupanga ndi Kusamalira Machining Center Spindle"
Pakupanga kwamakono, malo opangira makina amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri ngati zida zazikulu zopangira makina olondola kwambiri. Ndipo chimodzi mwa zigawo zapakati pa makina opangira makina - spindle, ntchito yake imakhudza mwachindunji khalidwe la processing ndi mphamvu. Ndiye, spindle ya malo opangira makina opanga zinthu amapangidwa bwanji? Nanga nsonga yopota ya makina okwera mtengo ingakonzedwe ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji? Tiyeni tizitsatira Machining Center Mlengi kumvetsa mozama.
I. Disassembly wa machining center spindle kapangidwe
Zida zama spindle za makina zimapangidwa makamaka ndi ma spindles, ma bearings, ndi magawo opatsirana. Udindo wake ndi wofunikira kwambiri. Kumbali imodzi, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandizira magawo opatsirana monga magiya ndi ma pulleys ndikutumiza kusuntha ndi torque; Kumbali ina, ena amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kukakamiza zogwirira ntchito, monga mandrels. Mapangidwe ake amkati ndi olondola kwambiri komanso ovuta, ndipo chigawo chilichonse chimagwirizana wina ndi mzake kuonetsetsa kuti spindle ikhoza kukhala yokhazikika komanso yodalirika pamene ikuzungulira mofulumira.
Zida zama spindle za makina zimapangidwa makamaka ndi ma spindles, ma bearings, ndi magawo opatsirana. Udindo wake ndi wofunikira kwambiri. Kumbali imodzi, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandizira magawo opatsirana monga magiya ndi ma pulleys ndikutumiza kusuntha ndi torque; Kumbali ina, ena amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kukakamiza zogwirira ntchito, monga mandrels. Mapangidwe ake amkati ndi olondola kwambiri komanso ovuta, ndipo chigawo chilichonse chimagwirizana wina ndi mzake kuonetsetsa kuti spindle ikhoza kukhala yokhazikika komanso yodalirika pamene ikuzungulira mofulumira.
II. Machining ndondomeko ya Machining Center spindle
Tikudziwa kuti maziko opangira zinthu ndi zida zamakina, ndipo makina opangira ma spindles amapangidwa bwino kwambiri. Kutengera kukonzedwa kwa ma spindles a HAAS mwachitsanzo, chigawo cha spindle cholemera mapaundi a 170 (pafupifupi 77KG) chimalowa mu njira ya kutentha kwa mphindi 29 zokha. Mu mphindi zochepa za 29 izi, njira ziwiri zatsirizidwa, ndipo 70% yazinthu zachotsedwa.
Pakukonza koyenera kumeneku, ma lathe awiri a st40 CNC ndi loboti ya ma axis asanu ndi limodzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito mogwirizana. Loboti imatha kunyamula katundu wolemera mapaundi 280 ndipo imakhala ndi luso lobwereza bwino. Mwa kusintha pulogalamuyi, ntchito zovuta kwambiri zimatha kukwaniritsidwa, zomwe ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe ma robot amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga. Kulola maloboti kutenga nawo mbali pakupanga sikungangowonjezera kuchita bwino komanso kuchepetsa kubwereza mobwerezabwereza ntchito kwa ogwira ntchito, kupangitsa munthu m'modzi kutenga nawo mbali pakupanga zinthu zambiri, kuwongolera kwambiri kusinthasintha ndi magwiridwe antchito.
Tikudziwa kuti maziko opangira zinthu ndi zida zamakina, ndipo makina opangira ma spindles amapangidwa bwino kwambiri. Kutengera kukonzedwa kwa ma spindles a HAAS mwachitsanzo, chigawo cha spindle cholemera mapaundi a 170 (pafupifupi 77KG) chimalowa mu njira ya kutentha kwa mphindi 29 zokha. Mu mphindi zochepa za 29 izi, njira ziwiri zatsirizidwa, ndipo 70% yazinthu zachotsedwa.
Pakukonza koyenera kumeneku, ma lathe awiri a st40 CNC ndi loboti ya ma axis asanu ndi limodzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito mogwirizana. Loboti imatha kunyamula katundu wolemera mapaundi 280 ndipo imakhala ndi luso lobwereza bwino. Mwa kusintha pulogalamuyi, ntchito zovuta kwambiri zimatha kukwaniritsidwa, zomwe ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe ma robot amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga. Kulola maloboti kutenga nawo mbali pakupanga sikungangowonjezera kuchita bwino komanso kuchepetsa kubwereza mobwerezabwereza ntchito kwa ogwira ntchito, kupangitsa munthu m'modzi kutenga nawo mbali pakupanga zinthu zambiri, kuwongolera kwambiri kusinthasintha ndi magwiridwe antchito.
III. Sayansi Yodziwika: Kusamalira makina a spindle
Kuonetsetsa magwiridwe antchito ndi moyo wautumiki wa spindle ya machining Center, kukonza koyenera ndikofunikira kwambiri. Pakati pawo, kuchepetsa kutentha kwa ntchito ya bearing ndi njira yofunikira pakukonza, ndipo njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi mafuta odzola. Pali njira ziwiri zoyatsira mafuta: njira yothira mafuta ndi mpweya wothira mafuta.
Kuthamanga kwa mafuta
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mafuta odzola mafuta, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti kuchuluka kwamafuta mu tanki yamafuta ozungulira nthawi zonse ndikokwanira. Kupaka mafuta kumatha kuchepetsa kukangana ndi kutulutsa kutentha mukakwaniritsa zofunikira zamafuta, ndipo kumatha kuyamwa mbali ya kutentha kwa zigawo za spindle. Kupyolera mu mafuta oyendayenda mosalekeza, kutentha kumachotsedwa kuti spindle igwire ntchito mkati mwa kutentha koyenera.
Njira yopaka mafuta imeneyi imafuna kuwunika pafupipafupi kuchuluka kwa mafuta mu thanki yamafuta kuti muwonetsetse mafuta okwanira. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, samalani zaukhondo wa mafuta kuti mupewe zonyansa zomwe zimalowa m'kati mwa mafuta komanso zomwe zimakhudza mphamvu ya mafuta. Kusintha mafuta nthawi zonse kumafunikanso kuonetsetsa kuti mafuta akuyenda bwino.
Njira yothirira mafuta - mpweya
Njira yopangira mafuta ndi mpweya ndi yosiyana ndi mafuta opaka mafuta. Zimangofunika kudzaza 10% ya mphamvu ya danga. Kupaka mpweya wamafuta ndikusakaniza mafuta opaka pang'ono ndi gasi pamagetsi enaake kuti apange chisakanizo chamafuta ngati nkhungu ndikuupopera pagawo lonyamula kuti lizipaka mafuta.
Njira yothirira iyi ili ndi zabwino zake pakuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta, mafuta abwino, komanso osawononga chilengedwe. Komabe, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti zofunikira zosamalira makina opangira mafuta a mpweya ndizokwera kwambiri. Ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kukhazikika kwa kuthamanga kwa gasi ndi mafuta opaka mafuta ndi mphuno yosasinthika.
Pakudzoza kwa spindle, palinso njira ziwiri: njira yothira mafuta a mist ndi njira yothira jekeseni.
Njira yothira mafuta a mkungudza imapangitsa mafuta opaka kukhala tinthu ting'onoting'ono ndikuwapititsa ku mbali yozungulira yozungulira kudzera mumpweya kuti azipaka mafuta. Njirayi imakhala ndi mafuta ofananirako ndipo imatha kupereka mafuta abwino kwambiri pozungulira mothamanga kwambiri. Komabe, nkhungu yamafuta imatha kuwononga chilengedwe, ndipo njira zodzitetezera ziyenera kuchitidwa.
Njira yothira jekeseni imapopera mafuta odzola kumalo opangirako kudzera pamphuno, yomwe ili ndi ubwino wolondolera mafuta amphamvu ndi zotsatira zabwino. Komabe, malo ndi kutsitsi ngodya ya nozzle ayenera kusinthidwa ndendende kuonetsetsa bwino kondomu zotsatira.
Mwachidule, kukonza kwa spindle yapakati pa makina kumafunika kuganizira mozama zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kusankha njira yothira mafuta, kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa mafuta, komanso kusamalira ukhondo. Pokhapokha pogwira ntchito yabwino pakukonza tsiku ndi tsiku tingathe kuwonetsetsa kuti spindle ikugwira ntchito bwino, kuwonjezera moyo wake wautumiki, komanso kupititsa patsogolo luso la kupanga ndi kukonza makina opangira makina.
Pogwiritsira ntchito, mfundo zotsatirazi ziyenera kukumbukiridwanso:
Yang'anani nthawi zonse kulondola ndi kutha kwa spindle, ndikusintha kapena kukonza nthawi ngati mavuto apezeka.
Pewani ulusi wogwira ntchito mochulukira kapena kuthamanga kwambiri kuti muteteze kuwonongeka kwa spindle.
Sungani malo ogwirira ntchito a malo opangira makina oyera kuti muteteze fumbi ndi zonyansa kulowa mu spindle.
Gwirani ntchito molingana ndi njira zopangira zida kuti mupewe kuwonongeka kwa spindle komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha misoperation.
Kwa spindle ya chida cha makina okwera mtengo, pakalephera kapena kuwonongeka, kukonza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kungaganizidwe. Pali njira zotsatirazi zokonzera:
Bwezerani mbali zowonongeka monga ma fani ndi zidindo.
Konzani mbali zong'ambika, monga kugwiritsa ntchito laser cladding, plating brush electric ndi ukadaulo wina.
Pangani kusintha kolondola ndikuwongolera kuti mubwezeretse kulondola ndi magwiridwe antchito a spindle.
Pokonza spindle, onetsetsani kuti mwasankha katswiri wothandizira kukonza kapena wopanga kuti muwonetsetse kuti kukonza bwino. Nthawi yomweyo, spindle yokonzedwayo iyenera kuyesedwa mosamalitsa ndikuyesedwa kuti iwonetsetse kuti ntchito yake ikukwaniritsa zofunikira isanayambe kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mwachidule, kupanga makina opangira makina opangira makina ndi abwino komanso ovuta, ndipo ntchito yokonza ndi kukonza ndiyofunikanso kwambiri. Pokhapokha podziwa njira zolondola zopangira, kukonza, ndi kukonza zomwe titha kupereka masewera athunthu pakugwira ntchito kwa spindle ya machining Center ndikupereka chithandizo champhamvu pakukula kwazinthu zamakono.
Kuonetsetsa magwiridwe antchito ndi moyo wautumiki wa spindle ya machining Center, kukonza koyenera ndikofunikira kwambiri. Pakati pawo, kuchepetsa kutentha kwa ntchito ya bearing ndi njira yofunikira pakukonza, ndipo njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi mafuta odzola. Pali njira ziwiri zoyatsira mafuta: njira yothira mafuta ndi mpweya wothira mafuta.
Kuthamanga kwa mafuta
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mafuta odzola mafuta, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti kuchuluka kwamafuta mu tanki yamafuta ozungulira nthawi zonse ndikokwanira. Kupaka mafuta kumatha kuchepetsa kukangana ndi kutulutsa kutentha mukakwaniritsa zofunikira zamafuta, ndipo kumatha kuyamwa mbali ya kutentha kwa zigawo za spindle. Kupyolera mu mafuta oyendayenda mosalekeza, kutentha kumachotsedwa kuti spindle igwire ntchito mkati mwa kutentha koyenera.
Njira yopaka mafuta imeneyi imafuna kuwunika pafupipafupi kuchuluka kwa mafuta mu thanki yamafuta kuti muwonetsetse mafuta okwanira. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, samalani zaukhondo wa mafuta kuti mupewe zonyansa zomwe zimalowa m'kati mwa mafuta komanso zomwe zimakhudza mphamvu ya mafuta. Kusintha mafuta nthawi zonse kumafunikanso kuonetsetsa kuti mafuta akuyenda bwino.
Njira yothirira mafuta - mpweya
Njira yopangira mafuta ndi mpweya ndi yosiyana ndi mafuta opaka mafuta. Zimangofunika kudzaza 10% ya mphamvu ya danga. Kupaka mpweya wamafuta ndikusakaniza mafuta opaka pang'ono ndi gasi pamagetsi enaake kuti apange chisakanizo chamafuta ngati nkhungu ndikuupopera pagawo lonyamula kuti lizipaka mafuta.
Njira yothirira iyi ili ndi zabwino zake pakuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta, mafuta abwino, komanso osawononga chilengedwe. Komabe, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti zofunikira zosamalira makina opangira mafuta a mpweya ndizokwera kwambiri. Ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kukhazikika kwa kuthamanga kwa gasi ndi mafuta opaka mafuta ndi mphuno yosasinthika.
Pakudzoza kwa spindle, palinso njira ziwiri: njira yothira mafuta a mist ndi njira yothira jekeseni.
Njira yothira mafuta a mkungudza imapangitsa mafuta opaka kukhala tinthu ting'onoting'ono ndikuwapititsa ku mbali yozungulira yozungulira kudzera mumpweya kuti azipaka mafuta. Njirayi imakhala ndi mafuta ofananirako ndipo imatha kupereka mafuta abwino kwambiri pozungulira mothamanga kwambiri. Komabe, nkhungu yamafuta imatha kuwononga chilengedwe, ndipo njira zodzitetezera ziyenera kuchitidwa.
Njira yothira jekeseni imapopera mafuta odzola kumalo opangirako kudzera pamphuno, yomwe ili ndi ubwino wolondolera mafuta amphamvu ndi zotsatira zabwino. Komabe, malo ndi kutsitsi ngodya ya nozzle ayenera kusinthidwa ndendende kuonetsetsa bwino kondomu zotsatira.
Mwachidule, kukonza kwa spindle yapakati pa makina kumafunika kuganizira mozama zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kusankha njira yothira mafuta, kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa mafuta, komanso kusamalira ukhondo. Pokhapokha pogwira ntchito yabwino pakukonza tsiku ndi tsiku tingathe kuwonetsetsa kuti spindle ikugwira ntchito bwino, kuwonjezera moyo wake wautumiki, komanso kupititsa patsogolo luso la kupanga ndi kukonza makina opangira makina.
Pogwiritsira ntchito, mfundo zotsatirazi ziyenera kukumbukiridwanso:
Yang'anani nthawi zonse kulondola ndi kutha kwa spindle, ndikusintha kapena kukonza nthawi ngati mavuto apezeka.
Pewani ulusi wogwira ntchito mochulukira kapena kuthamanga kwambiri kuti muteteze kuwonongeka kwa spindle.
Sungani malo ogwirira ntchito a malo opangira makina oyera kuti muteteze fumbi ndi zonyansa kulowa mu spindle.
Gwirani ntchito molingana ndi njira zopangira zida kuti mupewe kuwonongeka kwa spindle komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha misoperation.
Kwa spindle ya chida cha makina okwera mtengo, pakalephera kapena kuwonongeka, kukonza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kungaganizidwe. Pali njira zotsatirazi zokonzera:
Bwezerani mbali zowonongeka monga ma fani ndi zidindo.
Konzani mbali zong'ambika, monga kugwiritsa ntchito laser cladding, plating brush electric ndi ukadaulo wina.
Pangani kusintha kolondola ndikuwongolera kuti mubwezeretse kulondola ndi magwiridwe antchito a spindle.
Pokonza spindle, onetsetsani kuti mwasankha katswiri wothandizira kukonza kapena wopanga kuti muwonetsetse kuti kukonza bwino. Nthawi yomweyo, spindle yokonzedwayo iyenera kuyesedwa mosamalitsa ndikuyesedwa kuti iwonetsetse kuti ntchito yake ikukwaniritsa zofunikira isanayambe kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Mwachidule, kupanga makina opangira makina opangira makina ndi abwino komanso ovuta, ndipo ntchito yokonza ndi kukonza ndiyofunikanso kwambiri. Pokhapokha podziwa njira zolondola zopangira, kukonza, ndi kukonza zomwe titha kupereka masewera athunthu pakugwira ntchito kwa spindle ya machining Center ndikupereka chithandizo champhamvu pakukula kwazinthu zamakono.