Kupita patsogolo mwachangu kwaukadaulo wamakina a CNC kwapereka mikhalidwe yopititsa patsogolo ukadaulo wa zida zamakina a CNC. Kuti akwaniritse zosowa za msika ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira zaukadaulo wamakono wopangira ukadaulo wa CNC, chitukuko chamakono chaukadaulo wapadziko lonse wa CNC ndi zida zake zimawonekera makamaka pamikhalidwe iyi:
1. Kuthamanga kwambiri
Kukula kwaZida zamakina a CNCkulunjika mkulu-liwiro sangakhoze kwambiri kusintha Machining Mwachangu ndi kuchepetsa Machining mtengo, komanso kusintha pamwamba Machining khalidwe ndi kulondola kwa mbali. Ukadaulo wamakina othamanga kwambiri uli ndi kuthekera kokulirapo pakukwaniritsa zotsika mtengo pamakampani opanga.
Kuyambira zaka za m'ma 1990, mayiko a ku Ulaya, United States, ndi Japan akhala akupikisana kuti apange ndikugwiritsa ntchito mbadwo watsopano wa zida zamakina othamanga kwambiri a CNC, kufulumizitsa mayendedwe othamanga kwambiri a zida zamakina. Kupambana kwatsopano kwapangidwa mu gawo la spindle lothamanga kwambiri (spindle yamagetsi, liwiro 15000-100000 r/min), zida zoyendetsera zothamanga kwambiri komanso zothamanga kwambiri (liwiro loyenda mwachangu 60-120m/min, kudula chakudya mpaka 60m/min), makina ogwirira ntchito apamwamba a CNC ndi zida zatsopano zogwirira ntchito milingo. Ndi kusamvana kwa matekinoloje ofunikira pamagawo angapo aukadaulo monga makina odulira liwilo kwambiri, zida zolimba zosagwira ntchito zautali wautali komanso zida zogaya zonyezimira, zopota zamagetsi zothamanga kwambiri, mathamangitsidwe apamwamba / kutsika kwamagetsi oyendetsa magalimoto, makina owongolera magwiridwe antchito apamwamba (kuphatikiza ndi kuwunika kwa zida zatsopano zamakina) zaperekedwa kupanga zida zamakina othamanga kwambiri a CNC.
Pakalipano, mu makina othamanga kwambiri, kuthamanga kwa kutembenuka ndi mphero kwafika pa 5000-8000m / min; Liwiro la spindle liri pamwamba pa 30000 rpm (ena amatha kufika ku 100000 r / min); Kuthamanga kwa mayendedwe (chakudya cha chakudya) cha workbench: pamwamba pa 100m / min (ena mpaka 200m / min) pa chigamulo cha 1 micrometer, ndi pamwamba pa 24m / min pa chisankho cha 0.1 micrometer; Chida chosinthira liwiro mkati mwa mphindi imodzi; Mlingo wa chakudya cha kumasulira kwa mzere wawung'ono umafika 12m / min.
2. Kulondola kwambiri
Kukula kwaZida zamakina a CNCkuchokera ku makina olondola kupita ku makina opangidwa mwaluso kwambiri ndi njira yomwe maulamuliro padziko lonse lapansi amadzipereka. Kulondola kwake kumayambira pamlingo wa micrometer mpaka mulingo wa submicron, komanso mpaka mulingo wa nanometer (<10nm), ndipo mawonekedwe ake akuchulukirachulukira.
Pakalipano, pansi pa kufunikira kwa makina olondola kwambiri, kulondola kwa makina a makina a CNC kwawonjezeka kuchokera ku ± 10 μ Kuchulukitsa m mpaka ± 5 μ M; Kulondola kwa makina a malo opangira makina olondola kumayambira ± 3 mpaka 5 μ m. Wonjezerani mpaka ± 1-1.5 μ m. Ngakhale apamwamba; Kulondola kopitilira muyeso kopitilira muyeso kwalowa mulingo wa nanometer (ma micrometer 0.001), ndipo kulondola kozungulira kwa spindle kumafunika kuti ifike ma micrometer 0.01 ~ 0.05, ndi kuzungulira kwa makina a 0.1 ma micrometer ndi makulidwe apamwamba a Ra = 0.003 ma micrometer. Zida zamakinazi nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito masipingo amagetsi amagetsi oyendetsedwa ndi vekitala (ophatikizana ndi mota ndi spindle), okhala ndi ma radial runout of spindle zosakwana 2 µ m, axial displacement zosakwana 1 µ m, ndi shaft yosakwanira kufika pamlingo wa G0.4.
Makina opanga makina othamanga kwambiri komanso olondola kwambiri amaphatikiza mitundu iwiri: "rotary servo motor yokhala ndi zomangira za mpira wothamanga kwambiri" ndi "linear motor direct drive". Kuphatikiza apo, zida zamakina zofananira zomwe zikutuluka ndizosavuta kupeza chakudya chothamanga kwambiri.
Chifukwa chaukadaulo wake wokhwima komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kwakukulu, zomangira za mpira sizimangokwaniritsa kulondola kwambiri (ISO3408 level 1), komanso zimakhala ndi mtengo wotsikirapo wopanga makina othamanga kwambiri. Choncho, akugwiritsidwabe ntchito ndi makina ambiri othamanga kwambiri mpaka lero. Chida chamakono chopangira makina othamanga kwambiri choyendetsedwa ndi wononga mpira chimakhala ndi liwiro lalikulu la 90m/min ndi mathamangitsidwe a 1.5g.
Mpira screw ndi kufala kwa makina, omwe mosakayikira amaphatikizira zotanuka, kukangana, ndi kubweza chilolezo panthawi yopatsirana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mayendedwe amphamvu ndi zolakwika zina zopanda mzere. Pofuna kuthetsa zotsatira za zolakwika izi pa kulondola kwa makina, liniya galimoto yoyendetsa mwachindunji inagwiritsidwa ntchito ku zida zamakina mu 1993. Monga "kutumiza kwa zero" popanda kugwirizana kwapakatikati, sikungokhala ndi inertia yaing'ono yoyenda, kuuma kwa dongosolo lapamwamba, ndi kuyankha mofulumira, Ikhoza kukwaniritsa liwiro lapamwamba ndi kuthamanga, ndipo kutalika kwake kwa sitiroko kumatsutsana momveka bwino. Kulondola kwa malo kungathenso kufika pamlingo wapamwamba pansi pa machitidwe oyankha bwino kwambiri, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale njira yabwino yoyendetsera makina othamanga kwambiri komanso apamwamba kwambiri, makamaka zida zamakina zapakati ndi zazikulu. Pakalipano, kuthamanga kwapamwamba kwambiri kwa makina opangira makina othamanga kwambiri komanso olondola kwambiri omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma motors ozungulira afika 208 m / min, ndi mathamangitsidwe a 2g, ndipo pali malo opangira chitukuko.
3. Kudalirika kwakukulu
Ndi chitukuko cha Intaneti ntchito zaZida zamakina a CNC, kudalirika kwakukulu kwa zida zamakina a CNC kwakhala cholinga chotsatiridwa ndi opanga makina a CNC ndi opanga zida zamakina a CNC. Kwa fakitale yopanda anthu yomwe imagwira ntchito ziwiri patsiku, ngati ikufunika kugwira ntchito mosalekeza komanso mwachizolowezi mkati mwa maola 16 ndi kulephera kwaulere kwa P (t) = 99% kapena kuposerapo, nthawi yapakati pakati pa zolephera (MTBF) ya chida cha makina a CNC chiyenera kukhala chachikulu kuposa maola 3000. Pa chida chimodzi chokha cha makina a CNC, chiŵerengero cholephera pakati pa wolandirayo ndi dongosolo la CNC ndi 10: 1 (kudalirika kwa CNC ndi dongosolo limodzi la ukulu kuposa la wolandirayo). Pakadali pano, MTBF ya CNC system iyenera kukhala yayikulu kuposa maola 33333.3, ndipo MTBF ya chipangizo cha CNC, spindle, ndi drive iyenera kukhala yayikulu kuposa maola 100000.
Mtengo wa MTBF wa zida zamakono za CNC zakunja wafika pa maola 6000, ndipo chipangizo choyendetsa chafika pa maola 30000. Komabe, zitha kuwoneka kuti pali kusiyana pakati pa chandamale choyenera.
4. Kuphatikiza
Pokonza magawo, nthawi yambiri yopanda ntchito imadyedwa pakugwira ntchito, kutsitsa ndi kutsitsa, kukhazikitsa ndi kusintha, kusintha kwa zida, ndi liwiro la spindle mmwamba ndi pansi. Pofuna kuchepetsa nthawi zopanda pakezi momwe angathere, anthu akuyembekeza kuphatikizira ntchito zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito pamakina omwewo. Chifukwa chake, zida zamakina ogwiritsira ntchito zida zakhala njira yomwe ikukula mwachangu m'zaka zaposachedwa.
Lingaliro la makina opangidwa ndi makina opangidwa ndi makina osinthika amatanthawuza kuthekera kwa chida cha makina kuti chizitha kupanga machining angapo amtundu womwewo kapena wosiyana siyana wa njira zamakina malinga ndi pulogalamu ya CNC yopangira makina mutatha kuphatikizira ntchito imodzi, kuti amalize njira zosiyanasiyana zamakina monga kutembenuza, mphero, kubowola, kusasangalatsa, kugaya, kudula, kugawa, kukulitsa, kugawa mawonekedwe, kukulitsa zovuta. Ponena za magawo a prismatic, malo opangira makina ndi zida zodziwika bwino zamakina zomwe zimapanga ma process amitundu yambiri pogwiritsa ntchito njira yomweyo. Zatsimikiziridwa kuti makina opangidwa ndi makina opangidwa ndi makina amatha kusintha kulondola kwa makina, kusunga malo, makamaka kufupikitsa kuzungulira kwa magawo.
5. Polyaxialization
Ndi kutchuka kwa 5-olamulira kulumikizana machitidwe CNC ndi mapulogalamu mapulogalamu, 5-olamulira ulalo wolamulira Machining malo ndi CNC mphero makina (molunjika Machining malo) akhala panopa chitukuko hotspot. Chifukwa cha kuphweka kwa 5-axis kugwirizana kulamulira mu CNC mapulogalamu kwa odula mpira mapeto mphero pamene machining malo opanda, ndi kutha kukhala wololera kudula liwiro odula mpira mapeto mphero pa ndondomeko mphero za 3D pamwamba, Zotsatira zake, roughness wa Machining pamwamba kwambiri bwino ndipo Machining Mwachangu kwambiri bwino. Komabe, mu zida zamakina zoyendetsedwa ndi 3-axis, ndizosatheka kupewa kutha kwa chodulira chomaliza cha mpira ndi liwiro lodulira pafupi ndi ziro kuti musatenge nawo gawo pakudula. Chifukwa chake, zida zamakina zolumikizira 5-axis zakhala cholinga chakukula mwachangu komanso mpikisano pakati pa opanga zida zazikulu zamakina chifukwa chaubwino wawo wosasinthika.
Posachedwapa, mayiko akunja akufufuzabe njira zolumikizirana 6-axis pogwiritsa ntchito zida zodulira zosazungulira m'malo opangira makina. Ngakhale mawonekedwe awo a makina sali oletsedwa ndipo kuya kwa kudula kungakhale kochepa kwambiri, kuyendetsa bwino kwa makina kumakhala kochepa kwambiri ndipo n'kovuta kukhala kothandiza.
6. Nzeru
Intelligence ndiye chitsogozo chachikulu pakukula kwaukadaulo wopanga m'zaka za zana la 21. Intelligent Machining ndi mtundu wa makina ozikidwa pa neural network control, kuwongolera movutikira, ukadaulo wapaintaneti wa digito, ndi malingaliro. Cholinga chake ndi kutsanzira ntchito zanzeru za akatswiri aumunthu panthawi yokonza makina, kuti athetse mavuto ambiri osatsimikizika omwe amafunikira kulowererapo pamanja. Zomwe zili munzeru zikuphatikiza mbali zosiyanasiyana zamakina a CNC:
Kutsata wanzeru processing dzuwa ndi khalidwe, monga kulamulira zosinthika ndi basi m'badwo wa magawo ndondomeko;
Kupititsa patsogolo kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake, ndi zina zotero;
Mapologalamu osavuta ndi ntchito zanzeru, monga mapulogalamu anzeru okha, mawonekedwe anzeru a makina a anthu, etc;
Kuzindikira mwanzeru ndikuwunika kumathandizira kuzindikira ndi kukonza dongosolo.
Pali njira zambiri zanzeru zodulira ndi kupanga makina omwe akufufuzidwa padziko lonse lapansi, pomwe njira zopangira makina zanzeru za Japan Intelligent CNC Device Research Association zobowola ndizoyimilira.
7. Networking
Kuwongolera kwapaintaneti kwa zida zamakina makamaka kumatanthawuza kulumikizidwa kwa maukonde ndi kuwongolera maukonde pakati pa chida cha makina ndi machitidwe ena owongolera akunja kapena makompyuta apamwamba kudzera mu dongosolo la CNC. Zida zamakina a CNC nthawi zambiri zimakumana ndi malo opanga ndi LAN yamkati yabizinesi, kenako ndikulumikiza kunja kwa bizinesiyo kudzera pa intaneti, yomwe imatchedwa ukadaulo wa intaneti/Intaneti.
Ndi kukhwima ndi chitukuko cha ukadaulo wapaintaneti, makampaniwa apereka lingaliro la kupanga digito posachedwa. Kupanga kwa digito, komwe kumadziwikanso kuti "e-manufacturing", ndi chimodzi mwazizindikiro zamasiku ano m'mabizinesi opangira makina komanso njira yoperekera kwa opanga zida zapamwamba zapadziko lonse lapansi masiku ano. Ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwaukadaulo wazidziwitso, ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri apakhomo amafunikira kulumikizana kwakutali ndi ntchito zina potumiza zida zamakina a CNC. Pamaziko a kutengera kufala kwa CAD/CAM, mabizinesi opanga makina akuchulukirachulukira kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamakina za CNC. Mapulogalamu a CNC akuchulukirachulukira komanso osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Mapangidwe a Virtual, kupanga zenizeni ndi matekinoloje ena akutsatiridwa kwambiri ndi akatswiri a uinjiniya ndiukadaulo. Kusintha ma hardware ovuta ndi nzeru zamapulogalamu kukukhala chinthu chofunikira pakupanga zida zamakina zamakono. Pansi pa cholinga chopanga digito, mapulogalamu angapo otsogola owongolera mabizinesi monga ERP atuluka kudzera pakukonzanso njira komanso kusintha kwaukadaulo wazidziwitso, ndikupanga phindu lalikulu lazachuma kwa mabizinesi.
8. Kusinthasintha
Mchitidwe wa zida CNC makina ku machitidwe osinthika zochita zokha ndi kukhala kuchokera mfundo (CNC makina amodzi, pakati Machining, ndi CNC gulu makina Machining), mzere (FMC, FMS, FTL, FML) kumtunda (odziimira kupanga chilumba, FA), ndi thupi (CIMS, anagawira maukonde Integrated kupanga dongosolo), ndi mbali ina, kuganizira ntchito ndi chuma. Flexible automation technology ndiye njira yayikulu yopangira makampani kuti agwirizane ndi zomwe msika ukufunikira ndikusinthiratu zinthu mwachangu. Ndi njira yodziwika bwino yopangira chitukuko m'maiko osiyanasiyana komanso ukadaulo wofunikira m'munda wapamwamba wopanga. Cholinga chake ndikuwongolera kudalirika komanso kuchita bwino kwa dongosololi, ndi cholinga chosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito maukonde ndi kuphatikiza; Tsindikani kukulitsa ndi kuwongolera kwaukadaulo wamayunitsi; CNC makina amodzi akukula molunjika kwambiri, kuthamanga kwambiri, komanso kusinthasintha kwakukulu; Zida zamakina a CNC ndi makina awo osinthika osinthika amatha kulumikizidwa mosavuta ndi CAD, CAM, CAPP, MTS, ndikukula pakuphatikiza zidziwitso; Kupanga machitidwe a netiweki ku kutseguka, kuphatikiza, ndi luntha.
9. Greenization
Zida zodulira zitsulo zazaka za zana la 21 ziyenera kuyika patsogolo chitetezo cha chilengedwe ndi kuteteza mphamvu, ndiko kuti, kukwaniritsa kubiriwira kwa njira zodulira. Pakalipano, luso lamakono lopangira zobiriwira limayang'ana kwambiri pa kusagwiritsa ntchito madzi odula, makamaka chifukwa kudula madzimadzi sikungowononga chilengedwe ndikuika pangozi thanzi la ogwira ntchito, komanso kumawonjezera gwero ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. Kudula kowuma nthawi zambiri kumachitika mumlengalenga, koma kumaphatikizaponso kudula mumlengalenga wapadera wa mpweya (nayitrogeni, mpweya wozizira, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wozizira wa electrostatic) popanda kugwiritsa ntchito madzi odulira. Komabe, panjira zina zamakina ndi kuphatikiza kwa workpiece, kudula kowuma popanda kugwiritsa ntchito madzi odulira ndizovuta kugwiritsa ntchito pochita, chifukwa chake kudula kowuma kokhala ndi mafuta ochepa (MQL) kwatulukira. Pakalipano, 10-15% ya makina akuluakulu opangira makina ku Ulaya amagwiritsa ntchito kudula kowuma ndi quasi. Kwa zida zamakina monga malo opangira makina omwe amapangidwira njira zingapo zopangira makina / zophatikizira zogwirira ntchito, kudula kowuma kumagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popopera mafuta osakaniza ang'onoang'ono kwambiri odula mafuta ndi mpweya woponderezedwa m'dera lodulira kudzera munjira yopanda kanthu mkati mwa makina opota ndi chida. Pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makina odulira zitsulo, makina opangira zida ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri podula.
Mwachidule, kupita patsogolo ndi chitukuko cha CNC makina chida luso zapereka mikhalidwe yabwino kwa chitukuko cha makampani opanga zamakono, kulimbikitsa chitukuko cha kupanga kwa njira munthu kwambiri. Zitha kudziwikiratu kuti ndi chitukuko cha ukadaulo wa zida zamakina a CNC komanso kufalikira kwa zida zamakina a CNC, makampani opanga zinthu adzabweretsa kusintha kwakukulu komwe kungathe kugwedeza mtundu wamakono wopanga.