"Mfundo Zosankha za Zinthu Zitatu mu CNC Machine Tool Cutting".
Podula zitsulo, kusankha moyenera zinthu zitatu za CNC chida chodulira makina - kudula liwiro, kuchuluka kwa chakudya, ndi kudula kuya ndikofunikira kwambiri. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa nkhani zazikulu za zitsulo kudula mfundo Inde. Zotsatirazi ndikulongosola mwatsatanetsatane mfundo zosankhidwa za zinthu zitatuzi.
I. Kudula Liwiro
Kudula liwiro, ndiko kuti, liniya liwiro kapena liwiro circumferential (V, mamita/mphindi), ndi chimodzi mwa magawo ofunika CNC makina chida kudula. Kuti musankhe liwiro loyenera lodulira, zinthu zingapo ziyenera kuganiziridwa poyamba.
Kudula liwiro, ndiko kuti, liniya liwiro kapena liwiro circumferential (V, mamita/mphindi), ndi chimodzi mwa magawo ofunika CNC makina chida kudula. Kuti musankhe liwiro loyenera lodulira, zinthu zingapo ziyenera kuganiziridwa poyamba.
Zida zida
Carbide: Chifukwa cha kuuma kwake kwakukulu komanso kukana kutentha kwabwino, kuthamanga kocheperako kumatha kuchitika. Nthawi zambiri, imatha kukhala pamwamba pa 100 metres / mphindi. Pogula zoyikapo, magawo aumisiri amaperekedwa kuti afotokoze kuchuluka kwa liwiro lomwe lingasankhidwe pokonza zinthu zosiyanasiyana.
Chitsulo chothamanga kwambiri: Poyerekeza ndi carbide, zitsulo zothamanga kwambiri zimakhala zochepa kwambiri, ndipo liwiro locheka likhoza kukhala lochepa kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, kuthamanga kwachitsulo chothamanga kwambiri sikudutsa mamita 70 / mphindi, ndipo nthawi zambiri kumakhala pansi pa 20 - 30 mamita / mphindi.
Carbide: Chifukwa cha kuuma kwake kwakukulu komanso kukana kutentha kwabwino, kuthamanga kocheperako kumatha kuchitika. Nthawi zambiri, imatha kukhala pamwamba pa 100 metres / mphindi. Pogula zoyikapo, magawo aumisiri amaperekedwa kuti afotokoze kuchuluka kwa liwiro lomwe lingasankhidwe pokonza zinthu zosiyanasiyana.
Chitsulo chothamanga kwambiri: Poyerekeza ndi carbide, zitsulo zothamanga kwambiri zimakhala zochepa kwambiri, ndipo liwiro locheka likhoza kukhala lochepa kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, kuthamanga kwachitsulo chothamanga kwambiri sikudutsa mamita 70 / mphindi, ndipo nthawi zambiri kumakhala pansi pa 20 - 30 mamita / mphindi.
Zida zogwirira ntchito
Kwa zida zogwirira ntchito zolimba kwambiri, liwiro lodulira liyenera kukhala lotsika. Mwachitsanzo, pazitsulo zozimitsidwa, zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, ndi zina zotero, pofuna kutsimikizira moyo wa chida ndi khalidwe la processing, V iyenera kuchepetsedwa.
Kwa zipangizo zachitsulo zoponyedwa, pogwiritsa ntchito zida za carbide, liwiro lodula likhoza kukhala 70 - 80 mamita / mphindi.
Chitsulo chochepa cha carbon chili ndi makina abwinoko, ndipo liwiro locheka likhoza kukhala pamwamba pa mamita 100 / mphindi.
Kudula zitsulo zopanda chitsulo ndikosavuta, ndipo kuthamanga kwapamwamba kumatha kusankhidwa, nthawi zambiri pakati pa 100 - 200 metres / mphindi.
Kwa zida zogwirira ntchito zolimba kwambiri, liwiro lodulira liyenera kukhala lotsika. Mwachitsanzo, pazitsulo zozimitsidwa, zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, ndi zina zotero, pofuna kutsimikizira moyo wa chida ndi khalidwe la processing, V iyenera kuchepetsedwa.
Kwa zipangizo zachitsulo zoponyedwa, pogwiritsa ntchito zida za carbide, liwiro lodula likhoza kukhala 70 - 80 mamita / mphindi.
Chitsulo chochepa cha carbon chili ndi makina abwinoko, ndipo liwiro locheka likhoza kukhala pamwamba pa mamita 100 / mphindi.
Kudula zitsulo zopanda chitsulo ndikosavuta, ndipo kuthamanga kwapamwamba kumatha kusankhidwa, nthawi zambiri pakati pa 100 - 200 metres / mphindi.
Processing zinthu
Pamakina ovuta, cholinga chachikulu ndikuchotsa zinthu mwachangu, ndipo chofunikira chapamwamba chapamwamba chimakhala chochepa. Choncho, kuthamanga kwachangu kumayikidwa pansi. Pamakina omaliza, kuti mupeze mawonekedwe abwino pamtunda, liwiro lodulira liyenera kukhazikitsidwa kwambiri.
Pamene dongosolo lolimba la chida cha makina, workpiece, ndi chida sichikuyenda bwino, liwiro locheka liyeneranso kuchepetsedwa kuti muchepetse kugwedezeka ndi kusinthika.
Ngati S ntchito mu pulogalamu CNC ndi liwiro spindle pamphindi, ndiye S ayenera kuwerengedwa malinga workpiece awiri ndi kudula liniya liwiro V: S (liwiro spindle pamphindi) = V (kudula liniya liwiro) × 1000 / (3.1416 × workpiece awiri). Ngati CNC pulogalamu ntchito mosalekeza liniya liwiro, ndiye S akhoza mwachindunji kudula liniya liwiro V (mamita/mphindi).
Pamakina ovuta, cholinga chachikulu ndikuchotsa zinthu mwachangu, ndipo chofunikira chapamwamba chapamwamba chimakhala chochepa. Choncho, kuthamanga kwachangu kumayikidwa pansi. Pamakina omaliza, kuti mupeze mawonekedwe abwino pamtunda, liwiro lodulira liyenera kukhazikitsidwa kwambiri.
Pamene dongosolo lolimba la chida cha makina, workpiece, ndi chida sichikuyenda bwino, liwiro locheka liyeneranso kuchepetsedwa kuti muchepetse kugwedezeka ndi kusinthika.
Ngati S ntchito mu pulogalamu CNC ndi liwiro spindle pamphindi, ndiye S ayenera kuwerengedwa malinga workpiece awiri ndi kudula liniya liwiro V: S (liwiro spindle pamphindi) = V (kudula liniya liwiro) × 1000 / (3.1416 × workpiece awiri). Ngati CNC pulogalamu ntchito mosalekeza liniya liwiro, ndiye S akhoza mwachindunji kudula liniya liwiro V (mamita/mphindi).
II. Feed Rate
Mlingo wa chakudya, womwe umadziwikanso kuti mulingo wa chakudya cha zida (F), makamaka zimatengera kufunikira kwa khwimbi la ntchito.
Mlingo wa chakudya, womwe umadziwikanso kuti mulingo wa chakudya cha zida (F), makamaka zimatengera kufunikira kwa khwimbi la ntchito.
Malizitsani makina
Pamakina omaliza, chifukwa cha kufunikira kwakukulu kwapamwamba, chakudya chiyenera kukhala chochepa, nthawi zambiri 0.06 - 0.12 mm / kusintha kwa spindle. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti pakhale makina osalala komanso kuchepetsa kuuma kwapamwamba.
Pamakina omaliza, chifukwa cha kufunikira kwakukulu kwapamwamba, chakudya chiyenera kukhala chochepa, nthawi zambiri 0.06 - 0.12 mm / kusintha kwa spindle. Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti pakhale makina osalala komanso kuchepetsa kuuma kwapamwamba.
Makina ankhanza
Pamakina ovuta, ntchito yayikulu ndikuchotsa mwachangu zinthu zambiri, ndipo kuchuluka kwa chakudya kumatha kukhazikitsidwa mokulirapo. Kukula kwa chakudya kumatengera mphamvu ya chida ndipo nthawi zambiri kumakhala pamwamba pa 0.3.
Pamene mbali yaikulu ya chithandizo cha chidacho ndi yaikulu, mphamvu ya chida idzawonongeka, ndipo panthawiyi, mlingo wa chakudya sungakhale waukulu kwambiri.
Kuonjezera apo, mphamvu ya chida cha makina ndi kukhwima kwa workpiece ndi chida ziyeneranso kuganiziridwa. Ngati mphamvu ya chida cha makina ndi yosakwanira kapena kulimba kwa chogwirira ntchito ndi chida chocheperako, kuchuluka kwa chakudya kuyeneranso kuchepetsedwa moyenera.
Pulogalamu ya CNC imagwiritsa ntchito magawo awiri a chakudya: mm/minute ndi mm/revolution of spindle. Ngati unit ya mm/miniti itagwiritsidwa ntchito, imatha kusinthidwa ndi formula: feed pa mphindi = chakudya pakusintha × liwiro la spindle pamphindi.
Pamakina ovuta, ntchito yayikulu ndikuchotsa mwachangu zinthu zambiri, ndipo kuchuluka kwa chakudya kumatha kukhazikitsidwa mokulirapo. Kukula kwa chakudya kumatengera mphamvu ya chida ndipo nthawi zambiri kumakhala pamwamba pa 0.3.
Pamene mbali yaikulu ya chithandizo cha chidacho ndi yaikulu, mphamvu ya chida idzawonongeka, ndipo panthawiyi, mlingo wa chakudya sungakhale waukulu kwambiri.
Kuonjezera apo, mphamvu ya chida cha makina ndi kukhwima kwa workpiece ndi chida ziyeneranso kuganiziridwa. Ngati mphamvu ya chida cha makina ndi yosakwanira kapena kulimba kwa chogwirira ntchito ndi chida chocheperako, kuchuluka kwa chakudya kuyeneranso kuchepetsedwa moyenera.
Pulogalamu ya CNC imagwiritsa ntchito magawo awiri a chakudya: mm/minute ndi mm/revolution of spindle. Ngati unit ya mm/miniti itagwiritsidwa ntchito, imatha kusinthidwa ndi formula: feed pa mphindi = chakudya pakusintha × liwiro la spindle pamphindi.
III. Kucheka Kuzama
Kudula mozama, ndiko kuti, kudula kuya, kumakhala ndi zosankha zosiyanasiyana pomaliza kukonza ndi kukonza movutikira.
Kudula mozama, ndiko kuti, kudula kuya, kumakhala ndi zosankha zosiyanasiyana pomaliza kukonza ndi kukonza movutikira.
Malizitsani makina
Pamakina omaliza, nthawi zambiri, imatha kukhala pansi pa 0.5 (mtengo wa radius). Kuzama kwazing'ono kungathe kutsimikizira ubwino wa makina opangidwa ndi makina ndi kuchepetsa kuuma kwa pamwamba ndi kupanikizika kotsalira.
Pamakina omaliza, nthawi zambiri, imatha kukhala pansi pa 0.5 (mtengo wa radius). Kuzama kwazing'ono kungathe kutsimikizira ubwino wa makina opangidwa ndi makina ndi kuchepetsa kuuma kwa pamwamba ndi kupanikizika kotsalira.
Makina ankhanza
Pamakina ovuta, kuya kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa molingana ndi ntchito, chida, ndi zida zamakina. Kwa lathe yaying'ono (yokhala ndi mainchesi opitilira 400mm) kutembenuza No. 45 chitsulo mumalo okhazikika, kudula kuya munjira ya radial nthawi zambiri sikudutsa 5mm.
Tikumbukenso kuti ngati spindle liwiro kusintha lathe ntchito wamba pafupipafupi kutembenuka liwiro lamulo, ndiye pamene liwiro spindle pamphindi ndi otsika kwambiri (otsika kuposa 100 - 200 revolutions/mphindi), galimoto linanena bungwe mphamvu adzakhala kwambiri yafupika. Panthawiyi, kutsika kochepa kwambiri kocheka ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya kungapezeke.
Pamakina ovuta, kuya kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa molingana ndi ntchito, chida, ndi zida zamakina. Kwa lathe yaying'ono (yokhala ndi mainchesi opitilira 400mm) kutembenuza No. 45 chitsulo mumalo okhazikika, kudula kuya munjira ya radial nthawi zambiri sikudutsa 5mm.
Tikumbukenso kuti ngati spindle liwiro kusintha lathe ntchito wamba pafupipafupi kutembenuka liwiro lamulo, ndiye pamene liwiro spindle pamphindi ndi otsika kwambiri (otsika kuposa 100 - 200 revolutions/mphindi), galimoto linanena bungwe mphamvu adzakhala kwambiri yafupika. Panthawiyi, kutsika kochepa kwambiri kocheka ndi kuchuluka kwa chakudya kungapezeke.
Pomaliza, kusankha molondola zinthu zitatu za CNC makina chida kudula kumafuna mwatsatanetsatane zinthu zingapo monga zida chida, zipangizo workpiece, ndi zinthu processing. Pokonza zenizeni, zosintha zoyenera ziyenera kupangidwa molingana ndi zochitika zina kuti zitheke kukwaniritsa zolinga zowongolera bwino, kuonetsetsa kuti ntchitoyo ndi yabwino, komanso kutalikitsa moyo wa zida. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ogwira ntchito ayeneranso mosalekeza kudziunjikira zinachitikira ndi kudziwa makhalidwe a zipangizo zosiyanasiyana ndi umisiri processing kuti bwino kusankha magawo kudula ndi kusintha ntchito processing wa CNC makina zida.