Dongosolo la CNC la zida zamakina a CNC limaphatikizapo zida za CNC, drive drive (feed speed control unit ndi servo motor), spindle drive (spindle control unit ndi spindle motor) ndi zida zodziwira. Zomwe zili pamwambazi ziyenera kuphatikizidwa posankha dongosolo lowongolera manambala. 1. Kusankhidwa kwa chipangizo cha CNC (1) Kusankha mtundu Sankhani chipangizo chogwirizana cha CNC molingana ndi mtundu wa chida cha makina a CNC. Nthawi zambiri, chipangizo cha CNC chili ndi mitundu yosinthira yoyenera galimoto, kubowola, kutayitsa, mphero, kugaya, kupondaponda, kudula kwamagetsi, ndi zina zotere, ndipo ziyenera kusankhidwa m'njira yolunjika. (2) Kusankhidwa kwa magwiridwe antchito a zida zosiyanasiyana zowongolera manambala kumasiyana kwambiri. Chiwerengero cha ma axis olowera ndi olamulira amodzi, 2-axis, 3-axis, 4-axis, 5-axis, kapena kuposa 10 nkhwangwa, kuposa 20 nkhwangwa; chiwerengero cha nkhwangwa kugwirizana ndi 2 kapena kuposa 3 nkhwangwa, ndi pazipita chakudya liwiro ndi 10m/mphindi, 15m/mphindi, 24m/mi N,240m/mphindi; kusamvana ndi 0.01mm, 0.001mm, 0.0001mm. Zizindikirozi ndizosiyana, ndipo mtengo umakhalanso wosiyana. Ziyenera kutengera zosowa zenizeni za chida cha makina. Mwachitsanzo, 2-axis kapena 4-axis (chogwirizira zida ziwiri) chimasankhidwa kuti chisanduke, ndipo kulumikizana kopitilira 3-axis kumasankhidwa pokonza mbali za ndege. Osatsata zaposachedwa komanso zapamwamba kwambiri, muyenera kusankha mwanzeru.
(3) Kusankhidwa kwa ntchito Dongosolo la CNC la zida zamakina a CNC lili ndi ntchito zambiri, kuphatikiza ntchito zoyambira - ntchito zofunika za zida za CNC; kusankha ntchito - ntchito zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito angasankhe. Ntchito zina zimasankhidwa kuti zithetsere zinthu zosiyanasiyana zokonza zinthu, zina ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito, zina ndikuwongolera mapulogalamu, ndipo zina ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito ndi kukonza. Zosankha zina ndizoyenera, ndipo muyenera kusankha ina kuti musankhe iyi. Choncho, m'pofunika kusankha malinga ndi zofunikira za makina a makina, osasanthula, sankhani ntchitoyo muzitsulo zambiri, ndikusiya ntchito zoyenera, kuti muchepetse ntchito ya chida cha makina a CNC ndikupangitsa kutaya kosafunikira. Pali mitundu iwiri ya owongolera omwe amatha kusankhidwa posankha: omangidwa mkati komanso odziyimira pawokha. Ndi bwino kusankha chitsanzo chomangidwa, chomwe chili ndi zitsanzo zosiyana. Choyamba, ziyenera kusankhidwa molingana ndi kuchuluka kwa zolowetsa ndi zotuluka pakati pa chipangizo cha CNC ndi chida cha makina. Mfundo zosankhidwa ziyenera kukhala zofunikira pang'ono, ndipo kapu ikhoza kuwonjezera ndikusintha kufunikira kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake. Kachiwiri, ndikofunikira kulingalira kukula kwa pulogalamu yotsatizana ndikusankha mphamvu yosungira. Kukula kwa pulogalamuyi kumawonjezeka ndi zovuta za chida cha makina, ndipo mphamvu zosungirako zimawonjezeka. Iyenera kusankhidwa moyenerera malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili. Palinso nthawi yokonza, ntchito yophunzitsira, chowerengera, chowerengera, cholumikizira chamkati ndi zina zaukadaulo, ndipo kuchuluka kwake kukuyeneranso kukwaniritsa zofunikira pakupanga.
( 4) Mtengo wa Xu Ze m'mayiko osiyanasiyana ndi opanga zipangizo za CNC umapanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu zomwe zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri ndi mtengo. Pamaziko a kukhutiritsa kulamulira mtundu, kagwiridwe ntchito ndi kusankha ntchito, tiyenera kusanthula bwinobwino chiŵerengero cha ntchito-mtengo ndi kusankha CNC zipangizo ndi mkulu ntchito-mtengo chiŵerengero kuti kuchepetsa mtengo.(5) Posankha manambala kachipangizo kulamulira kuti n'zogwirizana ndi luso luso, kusankha ntchito zaumisiri ayeneranso kuganizira mbiri ya wopanga, ngati malangizo mankhwala, ndi zikalata zina wosuta ndi kukonza pulogalamu akhoza kuphunzitsa munthu, komanso ngati wogwiritsa ntchito ndi kukonza ndondomeko. Kodi pali dipatimenti yapadera yautumiki waukadaulo kuti ipereke zida zosinthira ndi ntchito zosamalira munthawi yake kwa nthawi yayitali kuti muzindikire zaukadaulo ndi zachuma. 2. Kusankha kwa drive drive (1) AC servo motor imakonda, chifukwa poyerekeza ndi DC motor, rotor inertia ndi yaying'ono, kuyankha kwamphamvu ndikwabwino, mphamvu yotulutsa ndi yayikulu, liwiro lozungulira ndi lalitali, kapangidwe kake ndi kosavuta, mtengo wake ndi wotsika, ndipo malo ogwiritsira ntchito sali ochepa. ( 2) Sankhani injini ya servo yomwe ili yoyenera powerengera moyenera momwe zinthu ziliri zomwe zimawonjezeredwa ku shaft yamoto. (3) Wopanga ma drive drive amapereka mndandanda wazinthu zonse zowongolera liwiro la chakudya ndi mota ya servo, motero injini ya servo ikasankhidwa, gawo lowongolera liwiro limasankhidwa kuchokera m'buku lazinthu. 3. Kusankha kwa spindle drive (1) Makina opangira spindle amakondedwa, chifukwa alibe zoletsa kuyenda, kuthamanga kwambiri komanso mphamvu yayikulu ngati DC spindle motor. Kuthamanga kwamphamvu kwanthawi zonse kumakhala kwakukulu, phokoso ndilotsika, ndipo mtengo wake ndi wotsika mtengo. Pakadali pano, 85% ya zida zamakina a CNC zimayendetsedwa ndi masipiko a AC padziko lapansi. ( CNC makina chida)(2) Sankhani injini ya spindle motsatira mfundo zotsatirazi: 1 Mphamvu yodulira imawerengedwa molingana ndi zida zamakina osiyanasiyana, ndipo mota yosankhidwa iyenera kukwaniritsa izi; 2 Malinga ndi nthawi yofunikira ya spindle ndi deceleration, imawerengedwa kuti mphamvu yamagalimoto sayenera kupitilira mphamvu yayikulu yotulutsa injini; 3 Pamene spindle ikufunika kuti iyambe kawirikawiri ndikuphwanya, mlingo uyenera kuwerengedwa. Mtengo wa mphamvu yapakati sungathe kupitilira mphamvu yopitilira muyeso yamoto;④ Ngati malo okhazikika akufunika kuti aziwongoleredwa, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zodulira zomwe zimafunikira pakuwongolera kuthamanga kwanthawi zonse ndi mphamvu yofunikira kuti ipititse patsogolo idzakhala mkati mwa mphamvu zomwe injini ingapereke. ( 3) Wopanga ma spindle drive amapereka zinthu zingapo zamtundu wa spindle speed control unit ndi spindle motor, motero injini ya spindle ikasankhidwa, gawo loyang'anira liwiro la spindle limasankhidwa kuchokera patsamba lazogulitsa. (4) Pamene spindle ikufunika kuti muwongolere, malingana ndi momwe makinawo alili, sankhani makina osindikizira kapena maginito kuti muzindikire kuwongolera kwa spindle. 4. Kusankhidwa kwa zinthu zodziwikiratu (1) Malingana ndi ndondomeko yoyang'anira malo a chiwerengero cha chiwerengero, kusamutsidwa kwa mzere wa makina opangira makina kumayesedwa mwachindunji kapena molakwika, ndipo zinthu zowunikira kapena zozungulira zimasankhidwa. Pakalipano, kuwongolera kwa theka-otsekeka kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazida zamakina a CNC, ndipo zinthu zoyezera ngodya zozungulira (ma rotary transfoma, ma pulse encoder) amasankhidwa. (2) Malinga ndi zofunikira za zida zamakina a CNC kuti zizindikire kulondola kapena kuthamanga, sankhani malo kapena zinthu zowunikira liwiro (majenereta oyesa, ma encoder pulse). Nthawi zambiri, zida zazikulu zamakina zimakwaniritsa zofunikira pa liwiro, ndipo makina olondola kwambiri, ang'onoang'ono komanso apakatikati amakwaniritsa kulondola kwake. Kusanja kwa chinthu chodziwikiratu chomwe chasankhidwa nthawi zambiri chimakhala kuyitanitsa kwapamwamba kuposa kulondola kokonza. (3) Pakalipano, chinthu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pozindikira zida zamakina a CNC (makina opingasa ndi mphero) ndi encoder ya Photoelectric pulse, yomwe imasankha kugunda kwazomwe zimayenderana ndi phula la mpira wononga chida cha makina a CNC, kuyenda pang'ono kwa dongosolo la CNC, kukulitsa kwalamulo ndi kukulitsa kuzindikira. ( 4) Posankha chinthu chodziwikiratu, ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti chipangizo chowongolera manambala chili ndi mawonekedwe ofananirako.