Dongosolo la CNC la zida zamakina a CNC
Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhudza njira ya zida zamakina a CNC, ndipo posanthula njira zogwirira ntchito, mawonekedwe a zida zamakina a CNC ayenera kuganiziridwa. Poganizira zinthu zingapo monga makonzedwe a njira zopangira gawo, kusankha zida zamakina, kusankha zida zodulira, ndi kukanikiza magawo. Zida zamakina osiyanasiyana a CNC zimagwirizana ndi njira zosiyanasiyana komanso zogwirira ntchito, komanso momwe mungasankhire chida chololera cha makina chakhala chinsinsi chowongolera bwino komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zamabizinesi. Dongosolo la CNC la chida cha makina a CNC limaphatikizapo chipangizo cha CNC, drive drive (feed rate control unit ndi servo motor), spindle drive (spindle control unit ndi spindle motor), ndi zida zozindikirira. Posankha dongosolo la CNC, zomwe zili pamwambapa ziyenera kuphatikizidwa.
1, Kusankhidwa kwa zida za CNC
(1) Sankhani mtundu
Sankhani lolingana CNC chipangizo malinga ndi mtundu wa CNC makina chida. Nthawi zambiri, zida za CNC ndizoyenera mitundu yopangira makina monga kutembenuza, kubowola, kutopa, mphero, kugaya, kupondaponda, ndi kudula kotulutsa magetsi, ndipo ziyenera kusankhidwa moyenerera.
(2) Kusankhidwa kwa magwiridwe antchito
Kuchita kwa zipangizo zosiyanasiyana za CNC kumasiyana kwambiri, monga chiwerengero cha nkhwangwa zolamulira kuphatikizapo olamulira amodzi, 2-olamulira, 3-olamulira, 4-olamulira, 5-olamulira, ndipo ngakhale nkhwangwa zoposa 10 kapena 20; Pali 2 kapena kuposa kugwirizana nkhwangwa, ndi pazipita chakudya liwiro ndi 10m/mphindi, 15m/mphindi, 24m/mphindi, 240m/mphindi; Kusamvana ndi 0.01mm, 0.001mm, ndi 0.0001mm. Zizindikirozi ndizosiyana, ndipo mitengo imakhalanso yosiyana. Ayenera kutengera zosowa zenizeni za chida cha makina. Mwachitsanzo, pamakina otembenuza wamba, 2 kapena 4 zowongolera (zogwiritsira ntchito zida ziwiri) ziyenera kusankhidwa, ndipo pamakina amtundu wathyathyathya, kulumikizana kwa nkhwangwa zitatu kapena kupitilira apo kuyenera kusankhidwa. Osatsata zaposachedwa komanso zapamwamba kwambiri, sankhani mwanzeru.
(3) Kusankhidwa kwa ntchito
Dongosolo la CNC la zida zamakina a CNC lili ndi ntchito zambiri, kuphatikiza ntchito zofunika - ntchito zofunika za zida za CNC; Ntchito yosankha - ntchito yomwe ogwiritsa ntchito angasankhe. Ntchito zina zimasankhidwa kuti zithetse zinthu zosiyanasiyana zamakina, zina kuti zithandizire kukonza makina, zina kuti zithandizire kukonza, ndi zina kuti zithandizire kukonza magwiridwe antchito ndi kukonza. Zosankha zina ndizogwirizana, ndipo kusankha njira iyi kumafuna kusankha njira ina. Chifukwa chake, kusankha kuyenera kutengera kapangidwe ka makina a makina. Osasankha ntchito zambiri popanda kusanthula, ndikusiya ntchito zoyenera, zomwe zingachepetse magwiridwe antchito a chida cha makina a CNC ndikuwononga zosafunika.
Pali mitundu iwiri ya owongolera omwe angakonzedwe muzosankha: omangidwa mkati ndi odziyimira pawokha. Ndi bwino kusankha mtundu wamkati, womwe uli ndi zitsanzo zosiyana. Choyamba, kusankha kuyenera kutengera kuchuluka kwa malo olowera ndi kutulutsa pakati pa chipangizo cha CNC ndi chida cha makina. Chiwerengero chosankhidwa cha mfundo chiyenera kukhala chokwera pang'ono kusiyana ndi chiwerengero chenicheni cha mfundo, ndipo chikho chimodzi chingafunike ntchito yowonjezera komanso yosinthidwa. Kachiwiri, ndikofunikira kulingalira kukula kwa mapulogalamu otsatizana ndikusankha kusungirako. Kukula kwa pulogalamu kumawonjezeka ndi zovuta za chida cha makina, komanso kusungirako kumawonjezeka. Iyenera kusankhidwa moyenerera malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili. Palinso zaukadaulo monga nthawi yokonza, ntchito yophunzitsira, chowerengera, chowerengera, cholumikizira chamkati, ndi zina zambiri, komanso kuchuluka kwake kuyeneranso kukwaniritsa zofunikira pakupanga.
(4) Kusankha mitengo
Mayiko osiyanasiyana ndi opanga zida za CNC amatulutsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kwamitengo. Kutengera kusankha kwa mitundu yowongolera, magwiridwe antchito, ndi magwiridwe antchito, kuwunika kokwanira kwamitengo yamitengo kuyenera kuchitidwa kuti musankhe zida za CNC zokhala ndi mitengo yokwera kwambiri kuti muchepetse ndalama.
(5) Kusankhidwa kwa ntchito zaukadaulo
Posankha zida za CNC zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira zaukadaulo, kuganiziridwanso kuyenera kuganiziridwa ku mbiri ya wopanga, ngati malangizo a kagwiritsidwe ntchito kazinthu ndi zolemba zina zonse zatha, komanso ngati kuli kotheka kupereka maphunziro kwa ogwiritsa ntchito pamapulogalamu, magwiridwe antchito, ndi ogwira ntchito yosamalira. Kodi pali dipatimenti yodzipatulira yaukadaulo yomwe imapereka zida zosinthira kwanthawi yayitali komanso ntchito zosamalira munthawi yake kuti zithandizire ukadaulo ndi zachuma.
2, Kusankhidwa kwa drive drive
(1) Chofunika kwambiri chiyenera kuperekedwa pakugwiritsa ntchito ma AC servo motors
Chifukwa poyerekeza ndi ma motors a DC, ili ndi inertia yaying'ono yozungulira, kuyankha kwamphamvu, mphamvu zotulutsa zambiri, kuthamanga kwambiri, mawonekedwe osavuta, mtengo wotsika, komanso malo ogwiritsira ntchito opanda malire.
(2) Werengetsani momwe katundu alili
Sankhani mawonekedwe oyenerera a servo motor powerengera moyenera momwe katundu amagwirira ntchito pa shaft yamoto.
(3) Sankhani gawo lofananira lowongolera liwiro
Wopanga ma drive drive amapereka mndandanda wathunthu wazinthu zowongolera kuchuluka kwa chakudya ndi injini ya servo yomwe imapangidwa, chifukwa chake mutasankha mota ya servo, gawo lowongolera liwiro limasankhidwa malinga ndi buku lazogulitsa.
3, Kusankhidwa kwa spindle drive
（1） Chofunika kwambiri chiyenera kuperekedwa kwa ma spindle motors
Chifukwa ilibe malire pakusintha, kuthamanga kwambiri, komanso mphamvu yayikulu ngati ma spindle motors a DC, ili ndi kuwongolera kuthamanga kwamagetsi kosalekeza, phokoso lotsika, komanso lotsika mtengo. Pakadali pano, 85% ya zida zamakina a CNC padziko lonse lapansi zimagwiritsa ntchito AC spindle drive.
(2) Sankhani injini ya spindle momwe ikufunikira
① Kuwerengera mphamvu yodulira pogwiritsa ntchito zida zosiyanasiyana zamakina, ndipo mota yosankhidwa iyenera kukwaniritsa izi; ② Malinga ndi nthawi yofunikira yothamangitsira spindle ndi kutsika, werengerani kuti mphamvu yamagalimoto sayenera kupitilira mphamvu yayikulu yagalimoto; ③ M'malo omwe kuyambika ndi kuwotcha pafupipafupi kumafunikira, mphamvu yapakati iyenera kuwerengedwa, ndipo mtengo wake sungathe kupitilira mphamvu yopitilira yamoto; ④ Munthawi yomwe kuwongolera pamwamba kumafunikira, kuchuluka kwa mphamvu yodulira yomwe imafunikira pakuwongolera kuthamanga kwapamtunda kosalekeza ndi mphamvu yofunikira kuti ifulumizitse iyenera kukhala mkati mwa mphamvu zomwe injini ingapereke.
(3) Sankhani gawo lowongolera liwiro la spindle
Wopanga ma spindle drive amapereka zida zonse za spindle speed control unit ndi spindle motor yopangidwa. Chifukwa chake, mukasankha injini ya spindle, gawo lowongolera liwiro la spindle limasankhidwa malinga ndi buku lazinthu.
(4) Sankhani njira yowongolera
Pamene kuwongolera kolunjika kwa spindle kumafunika, choyikapo encoder kapena sensa yamaginito imatha kusankhidwa molingana ndi momwe chida cha makina chilili kuti mukwaniritse zowongolera zowongolera.
4, Kusankhidwa kwa zigawo zodziwikiratu
(1) Sankhani njira yoyezera
Malinga ndi dongosolo loyang'anira malo a CNC system, kusamutsidwa kwa mzere kwa chida cha makina kumayesedwa mwachindunji kapena mwanjira ina, ndipo zigawo zodziwira zozungulira kapena zozungulira zimasankhidwa. Pakadali pano, zida zamakina a CNC zimagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri kuwongolera kotsekeka, pogwiritsa ntchito zida zoyezera zozungulira (zosintha zama rotary, ma encoder pulse).
(2) Ganizirani za kulondola komanso kuthamanga
Malinga ndi zofunikira za zida zamakina a CNC, kaya kudziwa kulondola kapena kuthamanga, sankhani malo kapena magawo ozindikira liwiro (majenereta oyesa, ma encoder pulse). Nthawi zambiri, zida zamakina zazikulu zimapangidwira kwambiri kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira za liwiro, pomwe zida zamakina zamakina ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati zimapangidwira kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira. Kusintha kwa gawo lodziwikiratu lomwe mwasankha nthawi zambiri kumakhala dongosolo limodzi la ukulu kuposa kulondola kwa makina.
(3) Sankhani ma encoder a pulse of specs zofananira
Sankhani zomwe zikugwirizana ndi ma encoder a pulse kutengera phula la mpira wononga chida cha makina a CNC, kuthamanga kwapang'onopang'ono kwa dongosolo la CNC, kuchulukitsa kwamalamulo, ndi chochulukitsira.
(4) Ganizirani zozungulira za mawonekedwe
Posankha zigawo zodziwikiratu, ndikofunikira kuganizira kuti chipangizo cha CNC chili ndi mabwalo ofananirako.