Kusanthula mozama kwa mlingo wolondola komanso zofunikira za makina olondola pazigawo zazikulu za zida zamakina a CNC
Pakupanga kwamakono, zida zamakina a CNC zakhala zida zazikulu zopangira magawo osiyanasiyana olondola kwambiri, kuchita bwino kwambiri, komanso makina apamwamba kwambiri. Kulondola kwa zida zamakina a CNC kumatsimikizira mwachindunji mtundu ndi zovuta za magawo omwe amatha kukonza, ndipo zofunikira za makina olondola a zigawo zazikuluzikulu zimagwira gawo lalikulu pakusankha zida zamakina a CNC.
Zida zamakina a CNC zitha kugawidwa m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana kutengera momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito, kuphatikiza zosavuta, zogwira ntchito mokwanira, zolondola kwambiri, ndi zina. Mtundu uliwonse ukhoza kukwaniritsa magawo osiyanasiyana olondola. Zida zamakina osavuta a CNC zimagwiritsidwabe ntchito m'makina ena amagetsi ndi mphero, ndi kusamvana kocheperako kwa 0.01mm, ndikuyenda ndi kulondola kwa makina nthawi zambiri pamwamba (0.03-0.05) mm. Chida chamtunduwu chamtunduwu ndi choyenera kugwira ntchito zina zamakina zokhala ndi zofunikira zochepa zolondola.
Zida zamakina zolondola kwambiri za CNC zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'magawo apadera opangira makina, ndipo kulondola kwake kumatha kufika pamlingo wodabwitsa pansi pa 0.001mm. Chida ichi cha makina olondola kwambiri amatha kupanga zida zolondola kwambiri, kukwaniritsa zofunikira zamafakitale olondola kwambiri komanso apamwamba kwambiri monga zakuthambo ndi zida zamankhwala.
Kuphatikiza pa kugawa ndi cholinga, zida zamakina a CNC zithanso kugawidwa m'mitundu wamba komanso yolondola kutengera kulondola. Poyesa kulondola kwa zida zamakina a CNC, nthawi zambiri zimatengera zinthu 20-30. Komabe, zinthu zomwe zimayimilira kwambiri komanso zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizira kulondola kwa malo ozungulira axis imodzi, kulondola kwa malo obwerezabwereza, komanso kuzungulira kwachiyeso kopangidwa ndi nkhwangwa ziwiri kapena kupitilira apo.
Kulondola kwa malo a axis imodzi kumatanthawuza kulakwitsa kwamtundu uliwonse mukamayika mfundo iliyonse mkati mwa sitiroko ya axis, ndipo ndi chizindikiro chachikulu chomwe chimawonetseratu luso la makina a makina. Pakalipano, pali kusiyana pakati pa malamulo, matanthauzo, njira zoyezera, ndi njira zopangira deta za chizindikiro ichi pakati pa mayiko padziko lonse lapansi. Poyambitsa zitsanzo zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zida zamakina a CNC, miyezo yodziwika bwino ndi American Standard (NAS), miyezo yoyenera ya American Machine Tool Manufacturers Association, German Standard (VDI), Japanese Standard (JIS), International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ndi China National Standard (GB).
Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti pakati pa miyezo imeneyi, muyezo wa ku Japan umatchula otsika kwambiri. Njira yoyezera imachokera ku deta yokhazikika, ndiyeno mtengo wolakwika umaponderezedwa ndi theka potenga ± mtengo. Chifukwa chake, kulondola kwa malo kuyeza pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoyezera za ku Japan nthawi zambiri kumasiyana kuwirikiza kawiri poyerekeza ndi zotsatira zoyezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito miyezo ina. Komabe, miyezo ina, ngakhale yosiyana pakukonza deta, onse amatsatira lamulo la ziwerengero zolakwa kuti afufuze kulondola kwa miyeso ndi malo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pa cholakwika china chapamalo polumikizira makina owongolera a CNC chida, chikuyenera kuwonetsa cholakwika cha nthawi masauzande oyika pakugwiritsa ntchito makina kwa nthawi yayitali. Komabe, pakuyezera kwenikweni, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mikhalidwe, miyeso yochepa yokha ingapangidwe (nthawi zambiri 5-7).
Mzere umodzi wobwerezabwereza wokhazikika ukuwonetseratu kulondola kwatsatanetsatane kwa gawo lililonse losuntha la axis, makamaka kuwonetsera kukhazikika kwa malo olamulira pa malo aliwonse omwe ali mkati mwa sitiroko, zomwe ziri zofunika kwambiri. Ndichizindikiro choyambirira choyezera ngati olamulira amatha kugwira ntchito mokhazikika komanso modalirika. M'machitidwe amakono a CNC, mapulogalamu nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ntchito zambiri zolipira zolakwika, zomwe zimatha kubweza zolakwa za ulalo uliwonse paunyolo wotumizira chakudya.
Mwachitsanzo, chilolezo, zotanuka mapindikidwe, ndi kuuma kukhudzana kwa ulalo uliwonse mu unyolo kufala adzasonyeza osiyana pompopompo kayendedwe malinga ndi zinthu monga katundu kukula kwa workbench, kutalika kwa mtunda mayendedwe, ndi liwiro la kayendedwe poyikira. M'makina ena otseguka ndi ma semi otsekedwa-loop feed servo, zida zoyendetsera makina pambuyo poyeza zigawozo zimakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana mwangozi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zolakwika zazikulu zosasinthika. Mwachitsanzo, kutenthetsa kwazitsulo zomangira mpira kungayambitse kugwedezeka pamalo enieni a benchi yogwirira ntchito.
Kuti muwunikire mokwanira momwe zida zamakina a CNC zimagwirira ntchito, kuwonjezera pa zizindikiro zolondola za axis zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa, ndikofunikiranso kuwunika kulondola kwa makina olumikizirana ma axis angapo. Kulondola kwa milling cylindrical surfaces kapena milling spatial spiral grooves (ulusi) ndi chizindikiro chomwe chimatha kuwunika momveka bwino ma servo kutsatira ma mayendedwe a nkhwangwa za CNC (nkhwangwa ziwiri kapena zitatu) ndi ntchito yomasulira ya machitidwe a CNC mu zida zamakina. Njira yanthawi zonse yoweruza ndiyo kuyeza kuzungulira kwa cylindrical surface yopangidwa ndi makina.
M'mayesero kudula zida CNC makina, mphero oblique lalikulu mbali zinayi Machining njira ndi njira yabwino chiweruzo, amene angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwunika kulondola kwa nkhwangwa ziwiri controllable zoyenda liniya interpolation. Pakudula koyesereraku, mphero yomaliza yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga makina olondola imayikidwa pa spindle ya chida cha makina, ndipo chitsanzo chozungulira chomwe chimayikidwa pa benchi yogwirira ntchito chimagayidwa. Kwa zida zamakina ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati, zitsanzo zozungulira zimasankhidwa mkati mwa ¥ 200 mpaka ¥ 300. Mukamaliza mphero, ikani chitsanzocho pa choyesa chozungulira ndikuyesa kuzungulira kwa malo ake opangidwa.
Poyang'ana ndi kusanthula zotsatira za makina, zidziwitso zambiri zofunika zokhudzana ndi kulondola ndi magwiridwe antchito a zida zamakina zitha kupezeka. Ngati pali zodziwikiratu mphero wodula kugwedera machitidwe pa milled cylindrical pamwamba, izo zimasonyeza kusakhazikika interpolation liwiro la makina chida; Ngati pali vuto lalikulu la elliptical mu kuzungulira kopangidwa ndi mphero, zimasonyeza kuti zopindula za machitidwe awiri olamulira olamulira a kayendetsedwe ka interpolation sizikugwirizana; Pa zozungulira padziko, ngati pali amasiya zizindikiro pa mfundo zimene aliyense controllable olamulira amasintha malangizo (ie, mu mosalekeza kudula zoyenda, ngati kuyenda chakudya amasiya pa malo enaake, chida kupanga kachigawo kakang'ono zitsulo kudula zizindikiro pa Machining pamwamba), izo zikusonyeza kuti kutsogolo ndi n'zosiyana chilolezo cha olamulira sizinasinthidwe bwino.
Chigamulo cholondola cha zida zamakina a CNC ndizovuta komanso zovuta, ndipo zina zimafunikira kuwunika kolondola pambuyo pomaliza kukonza. Izi ndichifukwa choti kulondola kwa zida zamakina kumakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kapangidwe ka zida zamakina, kulondola kwapang'onopang'ono kwa zigawo, mtundu wa msonkhano, machitidwe owongolera, komanso momwe chilengedwe chimagwirira ntchito.
Pankhani ya kapangidwe ka zida zamakina, mawonekedwe owoneka bwino komanso okhazikika amatha kuchepetsa kugwedezeka ndi kusinthika panthawi yopanga makina, potero kuwongolera kulondola kwa makina. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito zida za bedi zamphamvu kwambiri, ndime zokongoletsedwa ndi zida zopingasa, ndi zina zambiri, zitha kuthandizira kukhazikika kwa chida cha makina.
Kulondola kwapang'onopang'ono kwa zigawo kumathandizanso kwambiri pakulondola kwa zida zamakina. Kulondola kwa zigawo zazikulu monga zomangira za mpira, zowongolera mizere, ndi masipingo amatsimikizira mwachindunji kulondola kwa mayendedwe a axis aliwonse a chida cha makina. Zomangira za mpira wapamwamba zimatsimikizira kuyenda molunjika, pomwe maupangiri olondola kwambiri amapereka chitsogozo chosalala.
Ubwino wa msonkhano ndi chinthu chofunikira chomwe chimakhudza kulondola kwa zida zamakina. Pamsonkhano wa zida zamakina, ndikofunikira kuwongolera mosamalitsa magawo monga kulondola koyenera, kufanana, ndi kukhazikika pakati pazigawo zosiyanasiyana kuti zitsimikizire kulumikizana kolondola pakati pa magawo osuntha a chida cha makina panthawi yogwira ntchito.
Kachitidwe ka makina owongolera ndikofunikira pakuwongolera molondola kwa zida zamakina. Machitidwe apamwamba a CNC amatha kukwaniritsa kuwongolera kolondola kwambiri, kuwongolera liwiro, ndi magwiridwe antchito, potero kuwongolera kulondola kwa zida zamakina. Pakadali pano, zolakwa zolipirira ntchito ya dongosolo la CNC zitha kupereka chipukuta misozi nthawi yeniyeni pazolakwa zosiyanasiyana zamakina, ndikuwongolera kulondola kwa makina.
Zochitika zachilengedwe panthawi yopangira makina zimathanso kukhudza kulondola kwa chida cha makina. Kusintha kwa kutentha ndi chinyezi kungayambitse kukula kwa matenthedwe ndi kutsika kwa zida zamakina, zomwe zimakhudza kulondola kwa makina. Chifukwa chake, m'malo opangira makina olondola kwambiri, nthawi zambiri pamafunika kuwongolera mosamalitsa malo opangira makina ndikusunga kutentha ndi chinyezi nthawi zonse.
Mwachidule, kulondola kwa zida zamakina a CNC ndi chizindikiro chokwanira chomwe chimakhudzidwa ndi kuyanjana kwazinthu zambiri. Posankha chida cha makina a CNC, m'pofunika kuganizira zinthu monga mtundu wa chida cha makina, mlingo wolondola, magawo a luso, komanso mbiri ndi ntchito yogulitsa pambuyo pa malonda a wopanga, malingana ndi zofunikira za makina olondola a zigawozo. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito makina opangira makina, kuyezetsa ndi kukonza nthawi zonse kuyenera kuchitidwa kuti azindikire mwamsanga ndi kuthetsa mavuto, kuonetsetsa kuti makina opangira makina nthawi zonse amakhala olondola komanso amapereka zitsimikizo zodalirika zopangira zigawo zapamwamba.
Ndi kupita patsogolo kosalekeza kwa ukadaulo komanso kukula mwachangu kwa kupanga, zofunikira pakulondola kwa zida zamakina a CNC zikuchulukirachulukira. Opanga zida zamakina a CNC akufufuza mosalekeza ndikupanga zatsopano, kutengera matekinoloje apamwamba kwambiri ndi njira zowongolera kulondola komanso magwiridwe antchito a zida zamakina. Nthawi yomweyo, miyezo yoyenera yamakampani ndi mafotokozedwe akusinthidwa nthawi zonse, kupereka maziko asayansi ndi ogwirizana pakuwunika kolondola komanso kuwongolera kwa zida zamakina a CNC.
M'tsogolomu, zida zamakina a CNC zidzakhazikika pakulondola kwambiri, kuchita bwino, komanso kupanga zokha, kupereka chithandizo champhamvu pakusintha ndi kukweza kwamakampani opanga. Kwa mabizinesi opanga, kumvetsetsa mozama za zida zamakina a CNC, kusankha koyenera komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamakina a CNC, kudzakhala chinsinsi chothandizira kukonza zinthu komanso kukulitsa mpikisano wamsika.