Mfundo ndi Masitepe a Kusintha kwa Chida Chokhachokha mu CNC Machining Centers
Chidule: Pepalali likufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane kufunika kwa chipangizo chosinthira chida chodziwikiratu m'malo opangira makina a CNC, mfundo yosinthira zida zodziwikiratu, ndi masitepe enieni, kuphatikiza zinthu monga kutsitsa zida, kusankha zida, ndikusintha zida. Cholinga chake ndi kusanthula mozama ukadaulo wosinthira zida zokha, kupereka chithandizo chamalingaliro ndi chitsogozo chothandizira kukonza magwiridwe antchito ndi kulondola kwa malo opangira makina a CNC, kuthandiza ogwira ntchito kumvetsetsa bwino ndikuwongolera ukadaulo wofunikirawu, ndikuwonjezera luso la kupanga ndi mtundu wazinthu.
I. Chiyambi
Monga zida zazikulu pakupanga zamakono, malo opangira makina a CNC amatenga gawo lofunikira ndi zida zawo zosinthira zida, zida zodulira, ndi zida zosinthira pallet. Kugwiritsa ntchito zidazi kumathandizira malo opangira makina kuti amalize kukonza magawo angapo a chogwirira ntchito pambuyo pa unsembe umodzi, kuchepetsa kwambiri nthawi yopanda vuto, kufupikitsa mkombero wopanga zinthu, komanso kukhala ndi tanthauzo lalikulu pakuwongolera kulondola kwazinthu. Monga pachimake gawo pakati pawo, ntchito ya basi chida kusintha chipangizo mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi mlingo wa processing dzuwa. Choncho, kufufuza mozama pa mfundo ndi masitepe ake kuli ndi phindu lothandiza.
II. Mfundo Yosinthira Chida Chokhachokha mu CNC Machining Centers
(I) Njira Yoyambira Yosinthira Chida
Ngakhale pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya magazini a zida m'malo opangira makina a CNC, monga magazini amtundu wa diski ndi magazini amtundu wa unyolo, njira yoyambira yosinthira zida ndiyokhazikika. Pamene chida chosinthira chida chodziwikiratu chimalandira malangizo osinthira chida, dongosolo lonse limayamba mwachangu pulogalamu yosinthira chida. Choyamba, spindle imasiya nthawi yomweyo kuzungulira ndikuyima molondola pamalo osinthira zida zomwe zidakonzedweratu kudzera pamakina apamwamba kwambiri. Kenako, chida unclamping limagwirira adamulowetsa kuti chida pa spindle mu dziko m'malo. Panthawiyi, malinga ndi malangizo a dongosolo ulamuliro, magazini chida amayendetsa zipangizo lolingana kufala mwamsanga ndi molondola kusuntha chida chatsopano kwa chida kusintha udindo komanso amachita chida unclamping ntchito. Kenako, wowongolera mikono iwiri amachitapo kanthu mwachangu kuti agwire zida zatsopano ndi zakale nthawi imodzi. Pambuyo pa tebulo la kusinthana kwa zida likuzungulira pamalo oyenera, woyendetsa galimotoyo amaika chida chatsopano pa spindle ndikuyika chida chakale pamalo opanda kanthu a magazini ya chida. Potsirizira pake, spindle imagwira ntchito yokhotakhota kuti igwire mwamphamvu chida chatsopanocho ndikubwerera kumalo oyambirira okonzekera pansi pa malangizo a kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake.
(II) Kusanthula kwa Kusuntha kwa Zida
Panthawi yosinthira zida mu malo opangira makina, kusuntha kwa chida kumakhala ndi magawo anayi ofunika:
- Chida Chimayima ndi Spindle ndi Kusunthira ku Chida Chosintha Malo: Njirayi imafuna kuti spindle isiye kuzungulira mofulumira komanso molondola ndikupita kumalo enieni osinthira chida kupyolera mu kayendedwe ka makina ogwirizanitsa ma nkhwangwa. Nthawi zambiri, kusunthaku kumatheka ndi njira yotumizira monga screw-nut pair yoyendetsedwa ndi mota kuti zitsimikizire kuti malo olondola a spindle akukwaniritsa zofunikira pakukonza.
- Kusuntha kwa Chida mu Magazini ya Chida: Kusuntha kwa chida mu magazini ya chida kumadalira mtundu wa magazini ya chida. Mwachitsanzo, m'magazini ya chida chamtundu wa unyolo, chidacho chimasunthira kumalo otchulidwa pamodzi ndi kuzungulira kwa unyolo. Ndondomekoyi imafuna galimoto yoyendetsa galimoto ya magazini ya chida kuti iwonetsetse bwino kayendedwe ka kasinthasintha ndi liwiro la unyolo kuonetsetsa kuti chidacho chikhoza kufika pa chida kusintha malo molondola. M'magazini ya chida chamtundu wa disc, kuyika kwa chida kumatheka kudzera mu makina ozungulira a magazini ya chida.
- Transfer Movement of the Tool with the Tool Change Manipulator: Kusuntha kwa chida chosinthira chida kumakhala kovuta kwambiri chifukwa kumafunika kukwaniritsa zonse zozungulira komanso zozungulira. Munthawi yogwira zida ndi kutulutsa zida, woyendetsa amayenera kuyandikiza ndikusiya chidacho poyenda molunjika. Kawirikawiri, izi zimatheka ndi rack ndi pinion mechanism yoyendetsedwa ndi silinda ya hydraulic kapena silinda ya mpweya, yomwe imayendetsa mkono wamakina kuti ukwaniritse kayendedwe ka mzere. Panthawi yochotsa zida ndikuyika zida, kuwonjezera pakuyenda kwa mzere, wowongolera amayeneranso kuchita mbali ina yozungulira kuti atsimikizire kuti chidacho chikhoza kuchotsedwa ndikuyikidwa mu spindle kapena magazini ya chida. Kuyenda kozungulira kumeneku kumatheka kudzera mu mgwirizano pakati pa mkono wamakina ndi shaft ya gear, kuphatikizapo kutembenuka kwa ma kinematic pairs.
- Kusuntha kwa Chida Kubwerera Kumalo Okonzekera ndi 主轴: Kusintha kwa chida kukatsirizika, spindle iyenera kubwerera mwamsanga kumalo oyambirira opangira ndi chida chatsopano kuti apitilize ntchito zotsatila. Njirayi ikufanana ndi kayendedwe ka chida chosunthira kumalo osinthira chida koma mosiyana. Zimafunikanso kuyika bwino kwambiri komanso kuyankha mwachangu kuti muchepetse nthawi yopumira panthawi yokonza ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito.
III. Masitepe a Kusintha kwa Chida Chokhachokha mu CNC Machining Centers
(I) Tool Loading
- Mwachisawawa Chosungira Chida Loading Njira
Njira yotsegulira chida ichi imakhala ndi kusinthasintha kwakukulu. Ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kuyika zida muzoyika zida zilizonse m'magazini ya zida. Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti pambuyo pokonza zidazo, chiwerengero cha chida chomwe chilipo chikuyenera kulembedwa molondola kuti kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake kapeze molondola ndikuyitanira chidacho molingana ndi malangizo a pulogalamu mu ndondomeko yotsatila. Mwachitsanzo, pakukonza nkhungu zovuta, zida zingafunikire kusinthidwa pafupipafupi malinga ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira. Pachifukwa ichi, njira yotsegulira zida mwachisawawa imatha kukonza malo osungira zida malinga ndi momwe zilili ndikuwongolera chidacho bwino. - Fixed Tool Holder Loading Njira
Mosiyana ndi njira yosungira zida mwachisawawa, njira yosungira chida chokhazikika imafuna kuti zida ziziyikidwa muzoyika zida zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa kale. Ubwino wa njirayi ndikuti malo osungiramo zida amakhazikitsidwa, omwe ndi osavuta kwa ogwiritsa ntchito kukumbukira ndikuwongolera, komanso amathandizira kuyika mwachangu ndikuyitanitsa zida ndi dongosolo lowongolera. Mu ntchito zina zopangira ma batch, ngati njira yosinthirayo ili yokhazikika, kugwiritsa ntchito njira yotsatsira chida chokhazikika kumatha kupititsa patsogolo kukhazikika komanso kudalirika kwa kukonza ndikuchepetsa ngozi zokonzetsera zomwe zimachitika chifukwa chosungira zida zolakwika.
(II) Kusankha Zida
Kusankhidwa kwa chida ndi chiyanjano chofunikira pakusintha kwachida chodziwikiratu, ndipo cholinga chake ndikusankha mwachangu komanso molondola chida chomwe chafotokozedwa m'magazini ya chida kuti chikwaniritse zosowa za njira zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito. Pakadali pano, pali njira ziwiri zodziwika bwino zosankhira zida:
- Sequential Tool Selection
Njira yosankha zida zotsatizana imafuna kuti ogwira ntchito aziyika zida muzogwiritsira ntchito zida motsatira ndondomeko ya ndondomeko ya zamakono pamene akukweza zida. Panthawi yokonza, kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake kadzatenga zida chimodzi ndi chimodzi molingana ndi ndondomeko yoyika zida ndikuzibwezeretsanso muzogwiritsira ntchito zida zoyambirira zitagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ubwino wa njira yosankha chida ichi ndikuti ndi yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ndipo ili ndi mtengo wotsika, ndipo ndi yoyenera pazantchito zina zogwirira ntchito ndi njira zosavuta zogwirira ntchito komanso njira zotsatsira zida zokhazikika. Mwachitsanzo, pokonza magawo ena osavuta a shaft, zida zochepa zokha mumndandanda wokhazikika zingafunike. Pankhaniyi, njira yosankha zida zotsatizana imatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zogwirira ntchito ndipo imatha kuchepetsa mtengo ndi zovuta za zida. - Kusankha Chida Mwachisawawa
- Tool Holder Coding Tool Kusankha
Njira yosankhira chidayi imaphatikizapo kulembera choyika chilichonse m'magazini ya chida ndikuyika zida zofananira ndi ma code omwe ali ndi zida muzoyika zida zomwe zatchulidwa chimodzi ndi chimodzi. Pokonza mapulogalamu, ogwiritsa ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito adilesi T kuti afotokoze nambala yachida chomwe chidali. Dongosolo lowongolera limayendetsa magazini ya chida kusuntha chida chofananira kumalo osinthira chida malinga ndi chidziwitso cholembera. Ubwino wa njira yosankha zida zopangira zida ndikuti kusankha kwa zida kumakhala kosavuta ndipo kumatha kusintha magwiridwe antchito ndi njira zovuta zogwirira ntchito komanso njira zosasinthika zogwiritsira ntchito zida. Mwachitsanzo, pokonza mbali zina zovuta zandege, zida zingafunikire kusinthidwa pafupipafupi malinga ndi magawo osiyanasiyana opangira ndi zofunikira, ndipo njira yogwiritsira ntchito zida imakhala yosakhazikika. Pankhaniyi, chogwirizira chida coding chida kusankha njira akhoza conveniently kuzindikira kusankha mwamsanga ndi m'malo zida ndi kusintha processing dzuwa. - Kusankha Chida Chokumbukira Pakompyuta
Kusankha chida chokumbukira makompyuta ndi njira yotsogola komanso yanzeru yosankha zida. Pansi pa njira iyi, manambala a zida ndi malo awo osungira kapena manambala okhala ndi zida amalowezanso pamtima pakompyuta kapena kukumbukira wowongolera malingaliro. Pamene kuli kofunika kusintha zida pa ndondomeko processing, dongosolo ulamuliro adzakhala mwachindunji kupeza malo zambiri za zida kukumbukira molingana ndi malangizo pulogalamu ndi galimoto chida magazini mwamsanga ndi molondola kusuntha zida ku chida kusintha malo. Kuphatikiza apo, popeza kusintha kwa adilesi yosungira zida kumatha kukumbukiridwa ndi kompyuta munthawi yeniyeni, zida zitha kuchotsedwa ndikubwezeredwa mwachisawawa m'magazini ya chida, ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito komanso kusinthasintha kwa zida. Njira yosankhira chidachi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'malo opangira makina amakono a CNC olondola kwambiri komanso ochita bwino kwambiri, makamaka oyenera kukonza ntchito zokhala ndi njira zovuta zosinthira ndi zida zamitundu yambiri, monga kukonza magawo ngati midadada yama injini zamagalimoto ndi mitu ya silinda.
(III) Kusintha kwa Zida
Njira yosinthira chida ikhoza kugawidwa m'mikhalidwe yotsatirayi malinga ndi mitundu ya zida za chida pa spindle ndi chida chomwe chidzasinthidwe m'magazini ya chida:
- Zonse Chida pa Spindle ndi Chida Chosinthidwa M'magazini ya Chida zili mu Zosungira Zida Zosasintha.
Pankhaniyi, njira yosinthira chida ili motere: Choyamba, magazini ya chida imagwira ntchito yosankha zida molingana ndi malangizo a dongosolo lowongolera kuti asunthire chidacho kuti chisinthidwe ku malo osinthira chida. Kenako, chowongolera chapawiri mkono chimafikira kuti chigwire chida chatsopano m'magazini ya chida ndi chida chakale pa spindle. Kenako, tebulo losinthira zida limazungulira kuti lisinthe chida chatsopano ndi chida chakale kumalo ofananirako a spindle ndi magazini ya chida motsatana. Pomaliza, wowongolera amalowetsa chida chatsopanocho mu spindle ndikuchilimbitsa, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, amayika chida chakale pamalo opanda kanthu a magazini ya chida kuti amalize ntchito yosinthira chida. Njira yosinthira chida ichi imakhala ndi kusinthasintha kwakukulu ndipo imatha kusintha njira zosiyanasiyana zosinthira ndi kuphatikizika kwa zida, koma ili ndi zofunikira zapamwamba pakulondola kwa manipulator ndi liwiro la kuyankha kwa dongosolo lowongolera. - Chida chomwe chili pa Spindle chimayikidwa mu Fixed Tool Holder, ndipo Chida Chosinthidwa chili mu Random Tool Holder kapena Fixed Tool Holder.
Njira yosankha zida ndi yofanana ndi njira yosankha zida zomwe zili pamwambapa. Posintha chidacho, mutatha kutenga chidacho kuchokera ku spindle, magazini ya chida iyenera kusinthidwa pasadakhale ku malo enieni kuti mulandire chida cha spindle kuti chida chakale chitumizidwe molondola ku magazini ya chida. Njira yosinthira chida ichi ndi yofala kwambiri m'ntchito zina zokonza zokhala ndi njira zokhazikika komanso kugwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi kwa chida cha spindle. Mwachitsanzo, munjira zina zopangira mabowo a batch, zobowola kapena ma reamers zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa spindle kwa nthawi yayitali. Pamenepa, kuyika chida cha spindle mu chosungira chida chokhazikika kumatha kupititsa patsogolo kukhazikika komanso kugwira ntchito bwino. - Chida pa Spindle chili mu Chosungira Chida Chachisawawa, ndipo Chida Chosinthidwa chili mu Chida Chokhazikika.
Njira yosankha chida ndikusankhanso chida chodziwika kuchokera m'magazini yachida malinga ndi zomwe zikufunika. Mukasintha chidacho, chida chotengedwa kuchokera ku spindle chidzatumizidwa kumalo opanda kanthu omwe ali pafupi kuti agwiritse ntchito. Njira yosinthira chida ichi, pamlingo wina, imaganizira kusinthasintha kwa kusungirako zida komanso kusavuta kwa kasamalidwe ka magazini. Ndioyenera kugwira ntchito zina zogwirira ntchito zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, zida zamitundu yambiri, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi kwa zida zina. Mwachitsanzo, pokonza nkhungu, zida zingapo zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito, koma zida zina zapadera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mochepera. Pamenepa, kuyika zidazi m'zosungira zida zokhazikika ndikusunga zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa spindle pafupi zimatha kupititsa patsogolo kuchuluka kwa malo ogwiritsira ntchito magazini ya chida komanso kusintha kwa chida.
IV. Mapeto
Mfundo ndi masitepe osinthira zida zodziwikiratu m'malo opangira makina a CNC ndiumisiri wovuta komanso wolondola, womwe umaphatikizapo chidziwitso chaukadaulo m'magawo angapo monga makina, kuwongolera zamagetsi, ndi mapulogalamu apulogalamu. Kumvetsetsa mozama komanso luso laukadaulo wosinthira zida ndizofunika kwambiri pakuwongolera magwiridwe antchito, kulondola kwadongosolo, komanso kudalirika kwa zida zamalo opangira makina a CNC. Ndi chitukuko chosalekeza chamakampani opanga zinthu komanso kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo, zida zosinthira zida za CNC machining zithandiziranso kupitiliza kupanga ndikusintha, kupita ku liwiro lapamwamba, kulondola kwambiri, komanso luntha lamphamvu kuti likwaniritse kufunikira kwakukula kwa magawo ovuta ndikupereka chithandizo champhamvu cholimbikitsa kusintha ndi kukweza kwamakampani opanga. Pakugwiritsa ntchito, ogwira ntchito akuyenera kusankha njira zojambulira zida, njira zosankhira zida, ndi njira zosinthira zida malinga ndi mawonekedwe ndi zofunikira pakukonza ntchito kuti agwiritse ntchito bwino maubwino a malo opangira makina a CNC, kupititsa patsogolo luso lazopanga komanso mtundu wazinthu. Pakadali pano, opanga zida akuyeneranso kupitiriza kukhathamiritsa kamangidwe ndi kupanga zida zosinthira zida zodziwikiratu kuti zida ziziyenda bwino komanso kukhazikika kwa zida ndikupatsa ogwiritsa ntchito njira zamakina apamwamba kwambiri komanso aluso kwambiri a CNC.