"Zofunikira ndi Kukhathamiritsa kwa Njira Yotumizira Ma feed a CNC Machine Tools"
Pakupanga kwamakono, zida zamakina a CNC zakhala zida zazikulu zosinthira chifukwa cha zabwino zake monga kulondola kwambiri, kuchita bwino kwambiri, komanso kuchuluka kwazinthu zokha. Njira yopatsira chakudya ya zida zamakina a CNC nthawi zambiri imagwira ntchito ndi servo feed system, yomwe imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Malinga ndi mauthenga a malangizo omwe amaperekedwa kuchokera ku CNC system, imakulitsa ndikuwongolera kayendetsedwe kazinthu zoyendetsa. Sikuti amangofunika kulamulira molondola liwiro la kayendedwe ka chakudya komanso molondola kulamulira malo osuntha ndi njira ya chida chokhudzana ndi workpiece.
Dongosolo lazakudya lotsekeka la makina a CNC limapangidwa makamaka ndi magawo angapo monga kufananitsa malo, zokulitsa, magawo oyendetsa, makina otumizira chakudya, ndi mayankho ozindikira. Zina mwa izo, makina opangira chakudya chamagetsi ndi njira yonse yopatsirana ndi makina omwe amasintha kayendedwe ka servo motor kukhala njira yoyendetsera chakudya cha chogwirira ntchito ndi chosungira zida, kuphatikiza zida zochepetsera, zowongolera zotsogola ndi mapeyala a mtedza, zigawo zowongolera ndi magawo awo othandizira. Monga cholumikizira chofunikira pamakina a servo, makina opangira zida zamakina a CNC sayenera kungokhala ndi malo olondola kwambiri komanso kukhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino oyankha. Yankho la dongosolo potsata zizindikiro za malangizo ayenera kukhala mofulumira ndipo kukhazikika kuyenera kukhala kwabwino.
Kuwonetsetsa kulondola kwa kufalikira, kukhazikika kwadongosolo, komanso kuyankha kwamphamvu kwadongosolo lazakudya za malo opangira makina osunthika, zinthu zingapo zofunika zimayikidwa patsogolo pamakina a chakudya:
I. Chofunikira popanda kusiyana
Kusiyana kwapatsiku kumabweretsa kulakwitsa kwa zone yakufa ndikusokoneza kulondola kwa kukonza. Kuti athetse kusiyana kwapang'onopang'ono momwe kungathekere, njira monga kugwiritsa ntchito shaft yolumikizirana ndikuchotsa mipata ndi kufalitsa mawiri omwe ali ndi njira zochotsera mipata angatengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, mu zitsulo zotsogola ndi peyala ya nati, njira yojambulira mitembo iwiri ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuthetsa kusiyana posintha malo omwe ali pakati pa mtedzawo. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pazigawo monga kutumizira magiya, njira monga kusintha mashimu kapena zinthu zotanuka zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kuthetsa kusiyana kuti zitsimikizire kulondola kwa kufalitsa.
Kusiyana kwapatsiku kumabweretsa kulakwitsa kwa zone yakufa ndikusokoneza kulondola kwa kukonza. Kuti athetse kusiyana kwapang'onopang'ono momwe kungathekere, njira monga kugwiritsa ntchito shaft yolumikizirana ndikuchotsa mipata ndi kufalitsa mawiri omwe ali ndi njira zochotsera mipata angatengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, mu zitsulo zotsogola ndi peyala ya nati, njira yojambulira mitembo iwiri ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuthetsa kusiyana posintha malo omwe ali pakati pa mtedzawo. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pazigawo monga kutumizira magiya, njira monga kusintha mashimu kapena zinthu zotanuka zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kuthetsa kusiyana kuti zitsimikizire kulondola kwa kufalitsa.
II. Zofunikira pakukangana kochepa
Kutengera njira yopatsirana yotsika pang'ono kumatha kuchepetsa kutayika kwa mphamvu, kupititsa patsogolo kufalikira, komanso kuthandizira kuwongolera liwiro la kuyankha ndi kulondola kwadongosolo. Njira zofala zopatsirana zotsika kwambiri zimaphatikizira maupangiri a hydrostatic, maupangiri ogudubuza, ndi zomangira za mpira.
Kutengera njira yopatsirana yotsika pang'ono kumatha kuchepetsa kutayika kwa mphamvu, kupititsa patsogolo kufalikira, komanso kuthandizira kuwongolera liwiro la kuyankha ndi kulondola kwadongosolo. Njira zofala zopatsirana zotsika kwambiri zimaphatikizira maupangiri a hydrostatic, maupangiri ogudubuza, ndi zomangira za mpira.
Maupangiri a Hydrostatic amapanga filimu yoponderezedwa yamafuta pakati pa malo owongolera kuti akwaniritse kutsetsereka kosalumikizana ndi mikangano yaying'ono kwambiri. Makalozera ogudubuza amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zogudubuza panjanji kuti zilowe m'malo otsetsereka, kumachepetsa kwambiri kukangana. Zomangira za mpira ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimasinthira kusuntha kozungulira kukhala kozungulira. Mipira imayenda pakati pa wononga zotsogola ndi nati yokhala ndi kugundana kocheperako komanso kutulutsa bwino kwambiri. Zigawo zopatsirana zotsika pang'onozi zimatha kuchepetsa kukana kwa njira ya chakudya panthawi yoyenda ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito.
III. Chofunikira pa inertia yochepa
Kupititsa patsogolo kukonza kwa chida cha makina ndikupangitsa kuti ntchitoyo ifulumire momwe mungathere kuti mukwaniritse cholinga chotsatira malangizo, nthawi yomwe inertia imasinthidwa kukhala shaft yoyendetsa ndi dongosolo iyenera kukhala yaying'ono momwe mungathere. Chofunikirachi chingapezeke mwa kusankha mulingo woyenera kwambiri wa kufala. Kusankha moyenerera chiŵerengero chotumizira kungathe kuchepetsa nthawi ya inertia ya dongosolo pamene ikukwaniritsa zofunikira za liwiro la kuyenda ndi kuthamanga. Mwachitsanzo, popanga chipangizo chochepetsera, malinga ndi zosowa zenizeni, chiŵerengero cha gear choyenera kapena lamba pulley chiŵerengero chingasankhidwe kuti chifanane ndi liwiro la galimoto ya servo ndi liwiro la kayendedwe ka worktable ndi kuchepetsa mphindi ya inertia nthawi yomweyo.
Kupititsa patsogolo kukonza kwa chida cha makina ndikupangitsa kuti ntchitoyo ifulumire momwe mungathere kuti mukwaniritse cholinga chotsatira malangizo, nthawi yomwe inertia imasinthidwa kukhala shaft yoyendetsa ndi dongosolo iyenera kukhala yaying'ono momwe mungathere. Chofunikirachi chingapezeke mwa kusankha mulingo woyenera kwambiri wa kufala. Kusankha moyenerera chiŵerengero chotumizira kungathe kuchepetsa nthawi ya inertia ya dongosolo pamene ikukwaniritsa zofunikira za liwiro la kuyenda ndi kuthamanga. Mwachitsanzo, popanga chipangizo chochepetsera, malinga ndi zosowa zenizeni, chiŵerengero cha gear choyenera kapena lamba pulley chiŵerengero chingasankhidwe kuti chifanane ndi liwiro la galimoto ya servo ndi liwiro la kayendedwe ka worktable ndi kuchepetsa mphindi ya inertia nthawi yomweyo.
Kuphatikiza apo, lingaliro lopepuka lopanga lingatengedwenso, ndipo zida zokhala ndi zopepuka zimatha kusankhidwa kuti zipange zida zopatsirana. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopepuka monga aloyi ya aluminiyamu kupanga zomangira za lead ndi ma peya a mtedza ndi zigawo zowongolera zimatha kuchepetsa kukhazikika kwa dongosolo lonse.
IV. Chofunikira pakuuma kwakukulu
Njira yopatsirana yolimba kwambiri imatha kutsimikizira kukana kusokoneza kwakunja panthawi yokonza ndikusunga kulondola kokhazikika. Pofuna kukonza kuuma kwa njira yopatsirana, njira izi zitha kuchitidwa:
Kufupikitsa unyolo wopatsirana: Kuchepetsa maulalo opatsirana kumatha kuchepetsa kusinthika kwadongosolo ndikuwongolera kuuma kwake. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito njira yoyendetsa mwachindunji wononga zotsogola ndi injini kumapulumutsa maulalo opatsirana apakatikati, kumachepetsa zolakwika zopatsirana ndi mapindikidwe zotanuka, ndikuwongolera kuuma kwa dongosolo.
Limbikitsani kuuma kwa makina opatsirana potsitsa: Paziwongolero zogudubuza ndi ma screw peaya za mpira, njira yodzaza ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga kudzaza kwina pakati pa zinthu zogudubuza ndi njanji zowongolera kapena zomangira zowongolera kuti ziwongolere kulimba kwa dongosolo. Thandizo la screw screw limapangidwa kuti likhazikike mbali zonse ziwiri ndipo limatha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe otambasulidwa kale. Pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu inayake yachitsulo pazitsulo zotsogola, mphamvu ya axial panthawi yogwira ntchito ikhoza kuthetsedwa ndipo kuuma kwa screw screw kungawongoledwe.
Njira yopatsirana yolimba kwambiri imatha kutsimikizira kukana kusokoneza kwakunja panthawi yokonza ndikusunga kulondola kokhazikika. Pofuna kukonza kuuma kwa njira yopatsirana, njira izi zitha kuchitidwa:
Kufupikitsa unyolo wopatsirana: Kuchepetsa maulalo opatsirana kumatha kuchepetsa kusinthika kwadongosolo ndikuwongolera kuuma kwake. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito njira yoyendetsa mwachindunji wononga zotsogola ndi injini kumapulumutsa maulalo opatsirana apakatikati, kumachepetsa zolakwika zopatsirana ndi mapindikidwe zotanuka, ndikuwongolera kuuma kwa dongosolo.
Limbikitsani kuuma kwa makina opatsirana potsitsa: Paziwongolero zogudubuza ndi ma screw peaya za mpira, njira yodzaza ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga kudzaza kwina pakati pa zinthu zogudubuza ndi njanji zowongolera kapena zomangira zowongolera kuti ziwongolere kulimba kwa dongosolo. Thandizo la screw screw limapangidwa kuti likhazikike mbali zonse ziwiri ndipo limatha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe otambasulidwa kale. Pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu inayake yachitsulo pazitsulo zotsogola, mphamvu ya axial panthawi yogwira ntchito ikhoza kuthetsedwa ndipo kuuma kwa screw screw kungawongoledwe.
V. Kufunika kwa mafupipafupi a resonant
Kuthamanga kwakukulu kwafupipafupi kumatanthawuza kuti dongosolo likhoza kubwereranso ku chikhalidwe chokhazikika pamene likukumana ndi kusokonezeka kwakunja ndipo limakhala ndi kukana kwabwino kwa kugwedezeka. Kuti muwongolere ma frequency a resonant system, zinthu zotsatirazi zitha kuyambika:
Konzani kamangidwe kazinthu zopatsirana: Pangani moyenerera mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa zida zotumizira monga zomangira za lead ndi njanji zowongolera kuti ziwongolere ma frequency awo achilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito zomangira zokhotakhota kungachepetse thupi ndikuwongolera ma frequency achilengedwe.
Sankhani zida zoyenera: Sankhani zida zokhala ndi zotanuka kwambiri modulus komanso kachulukidwe kakang'ono, monga titaniyamu alloy, ndi zina zotere, zomwe zimatha kukulitsa kuuma komanso kusinthasintha kwachilengedwe kwa magawo opatsirana.
Wonjezerani damping: Kuwonjezeka koyenera kwa ma damping mu dongosolo kumatha kuwononga mphamvu zonjenjemera, kuchepetsa nsonga ya resonant, ndikuwongolera kukhazikika kwadongosolo. Kuwonongeka kwa dongosololi kungawonjezeke pogwiritsa ntchito zida zonyowa ndikuyika ma dampers.
Kuthamanga kwakukulu kwafupipafupi kumatanthawuza kuti dongosolo likhoza kubwereranso ku chikhalidwe chokhazikika pamene likukumana ndi kusokonezeka kwakunja ndipo limakhala ndi kukana kwabwino kwa kugwedezeka. Kuti muwongolere ma frequency a resonant system, zinthu zotsatirazi zitha kuyambika:
Konzani kamangidwe kazinthu zopatsirana: Pangani moyenerera mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa zida zotumizira monga zomangira za lead ndi njanji zowongolera kuti ziwongolere ma frequency awo achilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito zomangira zokhotakhota kungachepetse thupi ndikuwongolera ma frequency achilengedwe.
Sankhani zida zoyenera: Sankhani zida zokhala ndi zotanuka kwambiri modulus komanso kachulukidwe kakang'ono, monga titaniyamu alloy, ndi zina zotere, zomwe zimatha kukulitsa kuuma komanso kusinthasintha kwachilengedwe kwa magawo opatsirana.
Wonjezerani damping: Kuwonjezeka koyenera kwa ma damping mu dongosolo kumatha kuwononga mphamvu zonjenjemera, kuchepetsa nsonga ya resonant, ndikuwongolera kukhazikika kwadongosolo. Kuwonongeka kwa dongosololi kungawonjezeke pogwiritsa ntchito zida zonyowa ndikuyika ma dampers.
VI. Kufunika koyenera kwa damping ratio
Chiŵerengero choyenera cha damping chingapangitse dongosolo kuti likhale lokhazikika pambuyo posokonezedwa popanda kugwedezeka kwakukulu kwa kugwedezeka. Kuti mupeze chiŵerengero choyenera cha damping, chiwongolero cha damping chiŵerengero chikhoza kutheka mwa kusintha magawo a dongosolo monga magawo a damper ndi friction coefficient ya zigawo zopatsirana.
Chiŵerengero choyenera cha damping chingapangitse dongosolo kuti likhale lokhazikika pambuyo posokonezedwa popanda kugwedezeka kwakukulu kwa kugwedezeka. Kuti mupeze chiŵerengero choyenera cha damping, chiwongolero cha damping chiŵerengero chikhoza kutheka mwa kusintha magawo a dongosolo monga magawo a damper ndi friction coefficient ya zigawo zopatsirana.
Mwachidule, kuti mukwaniritse zofunikira za makina a CNC pamakina otumizira chakudya, njira zingapo zokometsera ziyenera kuchitidwa. Njirazi sizingangowonjezera kulondola komanso kuwongolera bwino kwa zida zamakina komanso kumathandizira kukhazikika komanso kudalirika kwa zida zamakina, kupereka chithandizo champhamvu pakukula kwazinthu zamakono.
M'magwiritsidwe ntchito, m'pofunikanso kuganizira mozama zinthu zosiyanasiyana malinga ndi zosowa zapadera ndi zida zamakina ndikusankha njira yoyenera kwambiri yopatsira chakudya ndi njira zokwaniritsira. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ndi kupita patsogolo kosalekeza kwa sayansi ndi zamakono, zipangizo zatsopano, matekinoloje, ndi malingaliro apangidwe akutuluka nthawi zonse, zomwe zimaperekanso malo ochulukirapo kuti apititse patsogolo ntchito za njira zotumizira zakudya za CNC makina. M'tsogolomu, njira yopatsira chakudya ya zida zamakina a CNC ipitilira kukula molunjika kwambiri, kuthamanga kwambiri, komanso kudalirika kwambiri.