Numerical Control Technology ndi CNC Machine Tools
Ukadaulo wowongolera manambala, wofupikitsidwa ngati NC (Numerical Control), ndi njira yowongolera kayendedwe ka makina ndi njira zowongolera mothandizidwa ndi chidziwitso cha digito. Pakadali pano, popeza kuwongolera manambala kwamakono kumagwiritsa ntchito makompyuta, kumadziwikanso kuti kuwongolera manambala pakompyuta (Computerized Numerical Control - CNC).
Kuti mukwaniritse chiwongolero cha chidziwitso cha digito pamakina osunthika ndikuwongolera, zida zofananira ndi mapulogalamu ziyenera kukhala ndi zida. Chiwerengero cha hardware ndi mapulogalamu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsira ntchito chidziwitso cha digito chimatchedwa nambala yolamulira (Numerical Control System), ndipo maziko a ndondomeko yoyendetsera chiwerengero ndi chipangizo chowongolera manambala (Numerical Controller).
Makina oyendetsedwa ndiukadaulo wowongolera manambala amatchedwa CNC makina zida (NC machine tools). Ichi ndi chinthu chanthawi zonse chamakatronic chomwe chimaphatikiza umisiri wapamwamba kwambiri monga umisiri wamakompyuta, ukadaulo wodziwongolera, ukadaulo woyezera mwatsatanetsatane, ndi kapangidwe ka zida zamakina. Ndilo mwala wapangodya waukadaulo wamakono wopanga. Kuwongolera zida zamakina ndiye gawo loyambirira komanso logwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri paukadaulo wowongolera manambala. Chifukwa chake, mulingo wa zida zamakina a CNC umayimira magwiridwe antchito, mulingo, ndi chitukuko chaukadaulo wamakono wowongolera manambala.
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zida zamakina a CNC, kuphatikiza kubowola, mphero, ndi zida zamakina otopetsa, zida zamakina otembenuza, zida zamakina akupera, zida zamakina opangira magetsi, zida zamakina opangira, zida zamakina opangira laser, ndi zida zina zapadera za CNC zogwiritsa ntchito zenizeni. Chida chilichonse cha makina choyendetsedwa ndi ukadaulo wowongolera manambala chimayikidwa ngati chida cha makina a NC.
Zida zamakina za CNC zomwe zili ndi chosinthira chida cha ATC (Automatic Tool Changer - ATC), kupatula ma CNC lathe okhala ndi zida zozungulira, amatanthauzidwa ngati malo opangira makina (Machine Center - MC). Kudzera m'malo mwa zida zokha, zida zogwirira ntchito zimatha kumaliza njira zingapo zogwirira ntchito limodzi, ndikukwaniritsa njira zambiri komanso kuphatikiza njira. Izi zimafupikitsa nthawi yothandizira yothandizira ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a chida cha makina. Nthawi yomweyo, amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa makhazikitsidwe a workpiece ndi malo, kukulitsa kulondola kwa kukonza. Malo Machining panopa mtundu wa CNC makina zida ndi linanena bungwe lalikulu ndi ntchito widest.
Kutengera ndi zida zamakina a CNC, powonjezera zida zosinthira (pallet) zosinthira (Auto Pallet Changer - APC) ndi zida zina zofananira, gawo lokonzekera limatchedwa flexible Manufacturing Cell (Flexible Manufacturing Cell - FMC). FMC sikuti imazindikira kuchuluka kwa njira ndi kuphatikiza kwa njira, komanso, ndikusinthana kwa ma worktables (pallets) komanso ntchito zowunikira komanso zowongolera zokha, zimatha kuchita zinthu zopanda ntchito kwa nthawi inayake, potero kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito a zida. FMC sikuti ndi maziko a makina osinthika a FMS (Flexible Manufacturing System) komanso angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chida chodziyimira pawokha. Choncho, kukula kwake liwiro ndithu mofulumira.
Pamaziko a FMC ndi malo opangira makina, powonjezera makina opangira zinthu, maloboti a mafakitale, ndi zipangizo zofananira, ndikuyendetsedwa ndi kuyendetsedwa ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake kamene kamatchedwa flexible Manufacturing System FMS (Flexible Manufacturing System). FMS sikuti imangopanga ma process osagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kukwaniritsa kukonzanso kwathunthu kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya magawo ndi kusonkhana kwamagulu, kukwaniritsa zodzipangira zokha zopangira msonkhano. Ndi makina apamwamba kwambiri opanga makina.
Ndi kupita patsogolo kosalekeza kwa sayansi ndi ukadaulo, kuti zigwirizane ndi kusintha kwa kufunikira kwa msika, kupanga kwamakono, sikofunikira kulimbikitsa makina opangira msonkhano komanso kukwaniritsa zodziwikiratu kuchokera pakulosera zamsika, kupanga zisankho, kapangidwe kazinthu, kupanga zinthu mpaka kugulitsa zinthu. Njira yonse yopangira ndi kupanga yopangidwa pophatikiza zofunikirazi imatchedwa makina opanga makompyuta (Computer Integrated Manufacturing System - CIMS). CIMS organically imaphatikiza kupanga kwautali ndi ntchito zamabizinesi, kukwaniritsa bwino komanso kusinthika kwanzeru kupanga, kuyimira gawo lalikulu kwambiri la chitukuko chaukadaulo wamakono wopanga makina. Mu CIMS, sikuti ndi kuphatikiza kwa zida zopangira, koma chofunikira kwambiri, kuphatikiza kwaukadaulo ndi kuphatikizika kwa ntchito komwe kumadziwika ndi chidziwitso. Kompyuta ndi chida chophatikizira, ukadaulo wopangidwa ndi makompyuta ndi maziko ophatikizira, ndipo kusinthanitsa ndi kugawana chidziwitso ndi deta ndi mlatho wophatikizira. Chomalizacho chikhoza kuonedwa ngati chiwonetsero chazinthu za chidziwitso ndi deta.
Numerical Control System ndi Zigawo Zake
Zigawo Zoyambira za Numerical Control System
Dongosolo lowongolera manambala la chida cha makina a CNC ndiye maziko a zida zonse zowongolera manambala. Chinthu chachikulu chowongolera pamachitidwe owongolera manambala ndikusuntha kwa ma nkhwangwa ogwirizanitsa (kuphatikiza kuthamanga, mayendedwe, malo, ndi zina zambiri), ndipo chidziwitso chake chowongolera makamaka chimachokera pakuwongolera manambala kapena mapulogalamu owongolera. Choncho, zigawo zikuluzikulu za dongosolo lowongolera manambala ziyenera kuphatikizapo: chipangizo cholowetsa / chotulutsa pulogalamu, chipangizo chowongolera manambala, ndi servo drive.
Ntchito ya chipangizo cholowetsa/chotulutsa ndikulowetsa ndi kutulutsa deta monga kukonza manambala kapena mapulogalamu owongolera zoyenda, kukonza ndi kuwongolera data, zida zamakina, kugwirizanitsa malo olumikizirana, komanso mawonekedwe a masiwichi ozindikira. Kiyibodi ndi zowonetsera ndiye zida zofunika kwambiri zolowera / zotulutsa zofunika pazida zilizonse zowongolera manambala. Kuphatikiza apo, kutengera dongosolo lowongolera manambala, zida monga owerenga ma photoelectric, ma tepi oyendetsa, kapena ma floppy disk drive amathanso kukhala ndi zida. Monga chipangizo cholumikizira, makompyuta pakadali pano ndi amodzi mwa zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri polowetsa / zotulutsa.
Chipangizo chowongolera manambala ndi gawo lalikulu la dongosolo lowongolera manambala. Imakhala ndi mabwalo olowera / zotulutsa, zowongolera, magawo a masamu, ndi kukumbukira. Udindo wa chipangizo chowongolera manambala ndikuphatikiza, kuwerengera, ndi kukonza zomwe zalowetsedwa ndi chipangizo cholowera kudzera mu pulogalamu yamkati yamalingaliro kapena pulogalamu yowongolera, ndikutulutsa zidziwitso ndi malangizo osiyanasiyana kuti athe kuwongolera magawo osiyanasiyana a chida cha makina kuti achitepo kanthu.
Pakati pazidziwitso zowongolera izi ndi malangizo, zoyambira kwambiri ndi liwiro la chakudya, mayendedwe a chakudya, ndi malangizo akusamuka kwa ma nkhwangwa. Amapangidwa pambuyo powerengera zowerengera, zoperekedwa ku servo drive, zokulitsidwa ndi dalaivala, ndipo pamapeto pake zimawongolera kusamuka kwa nkhwangwa zogwirizanitsa. Izi zimatsimikizira mwachindunji kayendedwe ka chida kapena kugwirizanitsa nkhwangwa.
Kuonjezera apo, malingana ndi dongosolo ndi zipangizo, mwachitsanzo, pa chida cha makina a CNC, pangakhalenso malangizo monga liwiro lozungulira, malangizo, kuyamba / kuyimitsa kwa spindle; kusankha zida ndi malangizo osinthira; malangizo oyambira/kuyimitsa a zida zozizirira ndi zopaka mafuta; workpiece kumasuka ndi clamping malangizo; indexing ya worktable ndi malangizo ena othandizira. Mu dongosolo lowongolera manambala, amaperekedwa ku chipangizo chowongolera chothandizira chakunja mwa mawonekedwe azizindikiro kudzera mu mawonekedwe. Chipangizo chothandizira chothandizira chimagwira ntchito zofunikira pakuphatikiza ndi zomveka pazizindikiro zomwe zili pamwambapa, kuzikulitsa, ndikuyendetsa ma actuators ofananirako kuti ayendetse zida zamakina, ma hydraulic, ndi pneumatic othandizira zida zamakina kuti amalize zomwe zafotokozedwa ndi malangizo.
Ma servo drive nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ma servo amplifiers (omwe amadziwikanso kuti ma driver, ma servo units) ndi ma actuators. Pa zida zamakina a CNC, ma AC servo motors amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma actuators pakadali pano; pazida zapamwamba zamakina othamanga kwambiri, ma injini amzere ayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, pa zida zamakina a CNC opangidwa zaka za m'ma 1980 zisanachitike, panali milandu yogwiritsa ntchito ma servo motors a DC; kwa zida zosavuta zamakina a CNC, ma stepper motors amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati ma actuators. Mawonekedwe a servo amplifier amadalira actuator ndipo ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi galimoto yoyendetsa.
Zomwe zili pamwambazi ndizo zigawo zikuluzikulu za ndondomeko yoyendetsera nambala. Ndi chitukuko chosalekeza chaukadaulo wowongolera manambala komanso kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a zida zamakina, zofunikira zogwirira ntchito zimachulukiranso. Kuti mukwaniritse zofunikira zowongolera zida zosiyanasiyana zamakina, onetsetsani kukhulupirika ndi kufananiza kwa makina owongolera manambala, ndikuwongolera kugwiritsa ntchito kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, machitidwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri owongolera manambala nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chowongolera chokhazikika chamkati monga chida chothandizira cha chida cha makina. Komanso, pa zitsulo kudula makina zida, spindle pagalimoto chipangizo akhoza kukhala chigawo chimodzi cha dongosolo manambala kulamulira; Pazida zamakina za CNC zotsekeka, zida zoyezera ndi kuzindikira ndizofunikanso pamakina owongolera manambala. Kwa machitidwe apamwamba owongolera manambala, nthawi zina ngakhale kompyuta imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mawonekedwe a makina amunthu padongosolo komanso kasamalidwe ka data ndi zida zolowera / zotulutsa, potero zimapangitsa kuti ntchito za kasamalidwe ka manambala zikhale zamphamvu komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri.
Pomaliza, kupangidwa kwa chiwerengero cha chiwerengero kumadalira machitidwe a kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake. Pali kusiyana kwakukulu mu kasinthidwe ndi kapangidwe kake. Kuphatikiza pa zigawo zitatu zofunika kwambiri za chipangizo cholowetsa / chotulutsa cha pulogalamu yokonza, chipangizo chowongolera manambala, ndi servo drive, pangakhale zida zowongolera zambiri. Gawo 1-1 la bokosi lomwe lili muzithunzi 1-1 likuyimira makina owongolera manambala apakompyuta.
Malingaliro a NC, CNC, SV, ndi PLC
NC (CNC), SV, ndi PLC (PC, PMC) ndizofupikitsa zachingerezi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazida zowongolera manambala ndipo zimakhala ndi matanthauzo osiyanasiyana munthawi zosiyanasiyana pakugwiritsa ntchito.
NC (CNC): NC ndi CNC ndizofupikitsa zachingerezi za Numerical Control ndi Computerized Numerical Control, motsatana. Popeza kuti kuwongolera kwa manambala amakono kumatengera kuwongolera makompyuta, zitha kuganiziridwa kuti matanthauzo a NC ndi CNC ndi ofanana. Mu ntchito za uinjiniya, kutengera nthawi yogwiritsiridwa ntchito, NC (CNC) nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi matanthauzo atatu: Mwanjira yotakata, imayimira ukadaulo wowongolera - ukadaulo wowongolera manambala; m'lingaliro lopapatiza, limayimira bungwe la kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka chiwerengero; kuonjezera apo, imathanso kuyimira chipangizo chowongolera - chipangizo chowongolera manambala.
SV: SV ndiye chidule cha Chingerezi cha servo drive (Servo Drive, yofupikitsidwa ngati servo). Malinga ndi zomwe zalembedwa mulingo wa JIS waku Japan, ndi "njira yowongolera yomwe imatenga malo, mayendedwe, ndi mawonekedwe a chinthu monga kuchuluka kwazinthu ndikutsata kusintha kosasinthika pamtengo womwe mukufuna." Mwachidule, ndi chipangizo ulamuliro kuti basi kutsatira zedi thupi monga chandamale udindo.
Pa zida zamakina a CNC, ntchito ya servo drive ikuwonetsedwa makamaka m'magawo awiri: Choyamba, imathandiza kuti nkhwangwa zogwirizanitsa zizigwira ntchito pa liwiro loperekedwa ndi chipangizo chowongolera manambala; chachiwiri, zimathandiza kuti nkhwangwa zogwirizanitsa zikhazikike molingana ndi malo operekedwa ndi chipangizo chowongolera manambala.
Zinthu zowongolera za servo drive nthawi zambiri ndizosamuka komanso kuthamanga kwa ma nkhwangwa olumikizira chida cha makina; actuator ndi servo motor; gawo lomwe limayang'anira ndi kukulitsa chizindikiro cha lamulo lolowera nthawi zambiri limatchedwa servo amplifier (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti dalaivala, amplifier, servo unit, etc.), yomwe ndi maziko a servo drive.
The servo pagalimoto sangagwiritsidwe ntchito molumikizana ndi manambala kulamulira chipangizo komanso angagwiritsidwe ntchito payekha monga udindo (liwiro) dongosolo limodzi. Choncho, nthawi zambiri amatchedwa servo system. Pamachitidwe owongolera manambala oyambilira, gawo lowongolera malo nthawi zambiri limaphatikizidwa ndi CNC, ndipo servo drive idangoyendetsa liwiro. Chifukwa chake, servo drive nthawi zambiri imatchedwa gawo lowongolera liwiro.
PLC: PC ndi chidule cha Chingerezi cha Programmable Controller. Chifukwa chakuchulukirachulukira kwa makompyuta amunthu, kupewa chisokonezo ndi makompyuta amunthu (omwe amatchedwanso ma PC), owongolera omwe amatha kusinthidwa tsopano amatchedwa programmable logic controllers (Programmalbe Logic Controller - PLC) kapena owongolera makina (Programmable Machine Controller - PMC). Chifukwa chake, pazida zamakina a CNC, PC, PLC, ndi PMC zili ndi tanthauzo lomwelo.
PLC ili ndi maubwino oyankha mwachangu, magwiridwe antchito odalirika, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino, kukonza mapulogalamu osavuta komanso kukonza zolakwika, ndipo imatha kuyendetsa mwachindunji zida zamagetsi zamagetsi. Chifukwa chake, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati chida chothandizira chowongolera zida zowongolera manambala. Pakadali pano, machitidwe ambiri owongolera manambala ali ndi PLC yamkati pokonza malangizo othandizira a zida zamakina a CNC, potero amathandizira kwambiri chida chowongolera chothandizira cha chida cha makina. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zambiri, kudzera m'magawo apadera ogwirira ntchito monga gawo lowongolera ma axis ndi gawo loyika la PLC, PLC ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito mwachindunji kuti ikwaniritse kuwongolera malo, kuwongolera mizere, ndi kuwongolera kosavuta, kupanga zida zapadera zamakina a CNC kapena mizere yopanga CNC.
Kupanga ndi Kukonza Mfundo ya CNC Machine Tools
The Basic Composition of CNC Machine Tools
Zida zamakina a CNC ndiye zida zowongolera manambala. Kuti mufotokozere zoyambira za zida zamakina a CNC, ndikofunikira kusanthula njira yogwirira ntchito ya zida zamakina a CNC pakukonza magawo. Pa zida zamakina a CNC, kukonza magawo, njira zotsatirazi zitha kukhazikitsidwa:
Malinga ndi zojambula ndi ndondomeko ndondomeko ya zigawo kuti kukonzedwa, pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro zotchulidwa ndi akamagwiritsa pulogalamu, kulemba kayendedwe trajectory wa zida, ndondomeko processing, ndondomeko magawo, kudula magawo, etc. mu malangizo mawonekedwe kuzindikira ndi manambala kulamulira dongosolo, ndiko kulemba ndondomeko processing.
Lowetsani pulogalamu yolembera yolembedwa mu chipangizo chowongolera manambala.
Chipangizo chowongolera manambala chimazindikira ndikuwongolera pulogalamu yolowera (code) ndikutumiza zidziwitso zofananira ku zida zoyendetsa servo ndi zida zothandizira zowongolera zamtundu uliwonse wolumikizira kuwongolera kusuntha kwa gawo lililonse la chida cha makina.
Pakayendetsedwe, kachitidwe ka manambala kasamalidwe ka manambala kamayenera kuzindikira malo a nkhwangwa zogwirizira za chida cha makina, mawonekedwe a masinthidwe oyenda, ndi zina zotere nthawi iliyonse, ndikuziyerekeza ndi zofunikira za pulogalamuyo kuti mudziwe zomwe zichitike mpaka magawo oyenerera akonzedwa.
Wogwira ntchitoyo amatha kuyang'ana ndikuwunika momwe akugwirira ntchito komanso momwe amagwirira ntchito chida cha makina nthawi iliyonse. Ngati ndi kotheka, kusintha kwa machitidwe a zida zamakina ndi mapulogalamu osinthira kumafunikanso kuti zitsimikizire kuti zida zamakina zikuyenda bwino komanso zodalirika.
Zitha kuwoneka kuti monga maziko a chida cha makina a CNC, ziyenera kukhala: zida zolowetsa/zotulutsa, zida zowongolera manambala, ma drive a servo ndi zida zoyankha, zida zowongolera zothandizira, ndi zida zamakina.
Mapangidwe a CNC Machine Tools
Dongosolo lowongolera manambala limagwiritsidwa ntchito kukwaniritsa kuwongolera kwa makina opangira zida. Pakadali pano, machitidwe ambiri owongolera manambala amatengera kuwongolera manambala apakompyuta (mwachitsanzo, CNC). Chida cholowetsa/chotulutsa, chida chowongolera manambala, servo drive, ndi chida choyankha pachithunzichi pamodzi zimapanga makina owongolera manambala, ndipo gawo lake lafotokozedwa pamwambapa. Zotsatirazi zikufotokoza mwachidule zigawo zina.
Chida cha mayankho oyezera: Ndi ulalo wodziwikiratu wa chotsekeka (chotseka-lopu) chida cha makina a CNC. Udindo wake ndikuzindikira kuthamanga ndi kusuntha kwa kusuntha kwenikweni kwa actuator (monga chosungira chida) kapena chogwirira ntchito kudzera muzinthu zamakono zoyezera monga ma pulse encoder, solvers, induction synchronizers, gratings, maginito maginito, ndi zida zoyezera laser, ndikuwadyetsa kubwerera ku servo drive chipangizo kapena kuwerengera manambala oyendetsa chipangizo kuti akwaniritse liwiro la chipangizocho, kapena kuwerengera cholakwika cha chipangizocho. cholinga chowongolera kulondola kwa makina oyenda. Kuyika kwa chipangizo chodziwikiratu komanso malo omwe chizindikiro chodziwikiracho chimadyetsedwa zimadalira kapangidwe kake kakuwongolera manambala. Ma encoder omangidwira a Servo, ma tachometer, ndi ma grits am'mizere ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.
Chifukwa chakuti ma servo apamwamba onse amatengera luso la digito la servo drive (lomwe limatchedwa digito servo), basi nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana pakati pa servo drive ndi chipangizo chowongolera manambala; nthawi zambiri, chizindikiro cha ndemanga chimalumikizidwa ndi servo pagalimoto ndikutumizidwa ku chipangizo chowongolera manambala kudzera m'basi. Pokhapokha kapena mukamagwiritsa ntchito ma analogi servo drives (omwe amadziwika kuti analog servo), chipangizo choyankhacho chiyenera kulumikizidwa mwachindunji ku chipangizo chowongolera manambala.
Makina othandizira othandizira ndi njira yotumizira chakudya: Ili pakati pa chipangizo chowongolera manambala ndi zida zamakina ndi ma hydraulic za chida cha makina. Ntchito yake yayikulu ndikulandila liwiro la spindle, mayendedwe, ndikuyamba / kuyimitsa malangizo otuluka ndi chipangizo chowongolera manambala; kusankha zida ndi malangizo osinthira; malangizo oyambira/kuyimitsa a zida zozizirira ndi zopaka mafuta; zidziwitso zothandizira monga kumasula ndi kutseka kwa zida zogwirira ntchito ndi zida zamakina, kusanja kwa tebulo logwirira ntchito, ndi ma siginecha ozindikira ma switch pa chida cha makina. Pambuyo pakuphatikiza kofunikira, kuweruza momveka bwino, komanso kukulitsa mphamvu, ma actuators ofananirako amayendetsedwa mwachindunji kuyendetsa zida zamakina, ma hydraulic, ndi pneumatic zida zothandizira zida zamakina kuti amalize zomwe zanenedwa ndi malangizo. Nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi PLC komanso chowongolera champhamvu chapano. PLC imatha kuphatikizidwa ndi CNC mu kapangidwe (PLC yomangidwa) kapena yodziyimira payokha (PLC yakunja).
Makina opangira makina, ndiye kuti, makina opangira makina a CNC, amapangidwanso ndi makina akuluakulu oyendetsa, makina oyendetsa chakudya, mabedi, matebulo ogwirira ntchito, zida zothandizira, ma hydraulic ndi pneumatic system, makina opaka mafuta, zida zoziziritsa, kuchotsa chip, machitidwe oteteza, ndi magawo ena. Komabe, kuti akwaniritse zofunikira pakuwongolera manambala ndikupereka kusewera kwathunthu pakugwira ntchito kwa chida cha makina, chasintha kwambiri potengera mawonekedwe onse, mawonekedwe awonekedwe, kapangidwe kake kaphatikizidwe, kachitidwe ka zida, ndi magwiridwe antchito. Zida zamakina zamakina zimaphatikizira bedi, bokosi, mzati, njanji yowongolera, zogwirira ntchito, zopota, makina opangira chakudya, makina osinthira zida, ndi zina.
Mfundo ya CNC Machining
Pa miyambo zitsulo kudula makina zida, pamene mbali processing, woyendetsa ayenera mosalekeza kusintha magawo monga kayendedwe trajectory ndi kayendedwe liwiro la chida malinga ndi zofunikira za kujambula, kuti chida amachita kudula processing pa workpiece ndipo potsiriza njira zigawo oyenerera.
Kukonzekera kwa zida zamakina a CNC kumagwiritsa ntchito mfundo "yosiyana". Mfundo yake yogwirira ntchito ndi njira zake zitha kufotokozedwa mwachidule motere:
Malinga ndi chida chomwe chimafunidwa ndi pulogalamuyo, chida chowongolera manambala chimasiyanitsa njira yolumikizirana ndi nkhwangwa zofananira za chida cha makina ndi kuchuluka kocheperako (kufanana kwa pulse) (△X, △Y mu Chithunzi 1-2) ndikuwerengera kuchuluka kwa ma pulse omwe olamulira aliwonse amafunikira kusuntha.
Kupyolera mu pulogalamu ya "interpolation" kapena "interpolation" calculator ya chipangizo chowongolera manambala, njira yofunikira imayikidwa ndi polyline yofanana mumagulu a "minimum movement unit" ndipo polyline yokhazikika yomwe ili pafupi kwambiri ndi ndondomeko ya chiphunzitso imapezeka.
Malinga ndi trajectory wa polyline woyenerera, chipangizo kulamulira manambala mosalekeza allocates chakudya ku nkhwangwa logwirizana kugwirizana nkhwangwa ndi chimathandiza nkhwangwa agwirizane a chida makina kusuntha malinga allocated zimachitika kudzera servo pagalimoto.
Zitha kuwoneka kuti: Choyamba, bola ngati kusuntha kochepa (kufanana kwa pulse) kwa chida cha makina a CNC kuli kochepa, polyline yogwiritsidwa ntchito ikhoza kulowetsedwa mofanana ndi mapindikidwe a chiphunzitso. Chachiwiri, malinga ngati njira yogawa ma pulse ya ma axx ogwirizanitsa isinthidwa, mawonekedwe a polyline yokwanira amatha kusinthidwa, potero kukwaniritsa cholinga chosintha njira yopangira. Chachitatu, malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa…