Mfundo Yogwira Ntchito ya Spindle Tool - Kumasula ndi Kumanga mu CNC Machining Centers
Chidule: Pepalali likufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane za kapangidwe kake ndi mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya chida cha spindle-kumasula ndi kumangirira m'malo opangira makina a CNC, kuphatikiza kapangidwe kazinthu zosiyanasiyana, njira yogwirira ntchito, ndi magawo ofunikira. Cholinga chake ndi kusanthula mozama momwe ntchito yofunikirayi imagwirira ntchito, kupereka maumboni aukadaulo kwa ogwira ntchito zaukadaulo, kuwathandiza kumvetsetsa bwino ndikusunga makina opangira makina a CNC, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti makinawo amagwira ntchito bwino komanso olondola.
I. Chiyambi
Ntchito yomasula zida za spindle ndikumangirira m'malo opangira makina ndi maziko ofunikira a malo opangira makina a CNC kuti akwaniritse makina opanga makina. Ngakhale pali kusiyana kwina mu kapangidwe kake ndi mfundo zogwirira ntchito pakati pamitundu yosiyanasiyana, zoyambira ndizofanana. Kufufuza mozama pa mfundo yake yogwirira ntchito ndikofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a malo opangira makina, kuwonetsetsa kuti makinawa ali abwino, komanso kukhathamiritsa kukonza zida.
II. Mapangidwe Oyambira
Makina osungunula zida za spindle ndi clamping m'malo opangira makina a CNC makamaka amakhala ndi izi:
- Kokani Stud: Yoyikidwa pamchira wa shank yachida, ndiye chinthu chofunikira cholumikizira kuti ndodo yokoka imangirize chidacho. Imagwirizana ndi mipira yachitsulo yomwe ili pamutu pa ndodo yokoka kuti ikwaniritse malo ndi kukanikiza kwa chida.
- Kokani Ndodo: Kupyolera mu kuyanjana ndi chokokeracho kudzera pa mipira yachitsulo, imatumiza mphamvu zolimba komanso zokankhira kuti zizindikire kukanikiza ndi kumasula kwa chida. Kuyenda kwake kumayendetsedwa ndi pisitoni ndi akasupe.
- Pulley: Nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito ngati gawo lapakati pakupatsira mphamvu, mu makina osungunula zida za spindle ndi clamping, amatha kukhala nawo pamalumikizidwe opatsirana omwe amayendetsa kayendedwe kazinthu zofananira. Mwachitsanzo, ikhoza kulumikizidwa ku hydraulic system kapena zida zina zoyendetsera kuyendetsa kayendetsedwe kazinthu monga pisitoni.
- Belleville Spring: Wopangidwa ndi masamba angapo a masamba a masika, ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri popanga mphamvu ya chida. Mphamvu zake zotanuka zamphamvu zimatha kuonetsetsa kuti chidacho chimakhazikika mkati mwa dzenje lopindika la spindle panthawi yopangira makina, kutsimikizira kulondola kwa makina.
- Lock Nut: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza zinthu monga masika a Belleville kuti asamasulidwe panthawi yogwira ntchito ndikuwonetsetsa kukhazikika ndi kudalirika kwa chida chonse chomasula ndi kukakamiza.
- Kusintha Shim: Pogaya shimu yosinthira, mawonekedwe olumikizana pakati pa ndodo yokoka ndi chokokera kumapeto kwa sitiroko ya pisitoni amatha kuyendetsedwa bwino, kuwonetsetsa kumasuka komanso kulimbitsa kwa chidacho. Zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwongolera bwino kwa chida chonse chomasula ndi kukakamiza.
- Coil Spring: Imagwira ntchito pakumasula zida ndikuthandizira kusuntha kwa pistoni. Mwachitsanzo, pisitoni ikasunthira pansi kukankhira ndodo yokokera kuti amasule chida, kasupe wa koyiloyo amapereka mphamvu zina zotanuka kuti zitsimikizire kusalala komanso kudalirika kwazomwe zikuchitika.
- Piston: Ndi gawo lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pamakina omasula ndi kukakamiza. Motsogozedwa ndi kuthamanga kwa hydraulic, imayenda mmwamba ndi pansi, kenako imayendetsa ndodo kuti izindikire kulimba ndi kumasula kwa chida. Kuwongolera kolondola kwa sitiroko ndi kukankhira kwake ndikofunikira panjira yonse yomasula ndi kukanikiza.
- Limit Swichi 9 ndi 10: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito motsatana kutumiza ma siginecha a zida zomangirira ndi kumasula. Zizindikirozi zimabwezeretsedwa ku dongosolo la CNC kuti dongosololi lizitha kuyang'anira ndondomeko ya makina, kuonetsetsa kuti ndondomekoyi ikuyendera bwino, ndikupewa ngozi za makina zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha kuganiziridwa molakwika kwa chida cha clamping.
- Pulley: Mofanana ndi pulley yomwe yatchulidwa mu chinthu cha 3 pamwambapa, imagwira nawo ntchito yopatsirana pamodzi kuti iwonetsetse kufalikira kwamphamvu kwa mphamvu ndikupangitsa kuti zigawo zonse za chida chomasula ndi kugwedeza kuti zigwire ntchito mogwirizana malinga ndi pulogalamu yokonzedweratu.
- Chivundikiro Chomaliza: Imagwira ntchito yoteteza ndi kusindikiza mkati mwa spindle, kuteteza zonyansa monga fumbi ndi tchipisi kuti zisalowe mkati mwa nsongayo komanso kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito anthawi zonse a makina omasula ndi kuwongolera. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, imaperekanso malo ogwirira ntchito okhazikika azinthu zamkati.
- Adjusting Screw: Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga masinthidwe abwino pamaudindo kapena kuvomerezedwa kwa zigawo zina kuti mupititse patsogolo magwiridwe antchito a chida chomasula ndi kukakamiza ndikuwonetsetsa kuti chimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri pakagwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi yayitali.
III. Mfundo Yogwirira Ntchito
(I) Tool Clamping Process
Pamene makina opangira makina ali mumkhalidwe wokhazikika wa makina, palibe kuthamanga kwa mafuta a hydraulic kumapeto kwa pisitoni 8. Panthawiyi, coil spring 7 imakhala yowonjezereka mwachibadwa, ndipo mphamvu yake yotanuka imapangitsa pisitoni 8 kupita mmwamba kupita kumalo enaake. Pakadali pano, Belleville spring 4 imagwiranso ntchito. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake otanuka, kasupe wa Belleville 4 amakankhira ndodo yokokera 2 kuti apite mmwamba, kotero kuti mipira 4 yachitsulo yomwe ili pamutu wa kukoka ndodo 2 imalowa m'mphepete mwa annular groove pa mchira wa chida cha shank's pull stud 1. Ndi kuyika kwa mipira yachitsulo, mphamvu yowonongeka ya Belleville yodutsa 1 ndi kukoka kwa masika a Belleville 2 ndi kukoka kwa 1 koloko mpaka 4 mipira yachitsulo, potero akugwira mwamphamvu shank ya chida ndikuzindikira momwe chidacho chilili komanso kukakamira kolimba kwa chida mkati mwa dzenje lopindika la spindle. Izi clamping njira amagwiritsa amphamvu zotanuka kuthekera mphamvu ya Belleville kasupe ndipo angapereke tensioning mphamvu zokwanira kuonetsetsa kuti chida si kumasuka pansi pa zochita za kasinthasintha mkulu-liwiro ndi kudula mphamvu, kutsimikizira Machining kulondola ndi bata.
(II) Njira Yomasulira Chida
Pakafunika kusintha chida, hydraulic system imatsegulidwa, ndipo mafuta a hydraulic amalowa kumapeto kwenikweni kwa piston 8, ndikupanga kukweza m'mwamba. Pansi pa hydraulic thrust, pisitoni 8 imagonjetsa mphamvu zotanuka za koyilo kasupe 7 ndikuyamba kusunthira pansi. Kuyenda pansi kwa pisitoni 8 kumakankhira ndodo yokokera 2 kuti isunthire pansi mofanana. Pamene kukoka ndodo 2 kumayenda pansi, mipira yachitsulo imachotsedwa kuchokera ku annular poyambira pa mchira wa chida cha shank's pull stud 1 ndikulowa mu annular groove kumtunda kwa dzenje lakumbuyo la spindle. Panthawiyi, mipira yachitsulo sichikhalanso ndi mphamvu yoletsa kukoka 1, ndipo chidacho chimamasulidwa. Pamene manipulator amakoka chida shank kuchokera ku spindle, mpweya woponderezedwa udzaphulika kupyolera mu mabowo apakati a pisitoni ndi ndodo yokoka kuti ayeretse zonyansa monga tchipisi ndi fumbi mu dzenje la spindle, kukonzekera kuyika chida chotsatira.
(III) Udindo wa Kusintha kwa Malire
Kusintha kwa malire 9 ndi 10 kumatenga gawo lofunikira pakuyankha kwamasigino panthawi yonse yomasula zida ndi kukakamiza. Chidacho chikalumikizidwa, kusintha kwa magawo ofunikira kumayambitsa malire 9, ndikusintha malire 9 nthawi yomweyo kumatumiza chizindikiro cholumikizira chida ku dongosolo la CNC. Pambuyo polandira chizindikiro ichi, makina a CNC amatsimikizira kuti chidacho chili mumkhalidwe wokhazikika wokhotakhota ndipo chitha kuyambitsa machining otsatirawa, monga kuzungulira kwa spindle ndi chakudya cha zida. Mofananamo, pamene chida chomasula chikatha, kuchepetsa kusintha 10 kumayambika, ndipo kumatumiza chizindikiro chomasula ku CNC system. Pakadali pano, dongosolo la CNC limatha kuwongolera chowongolera kuti chigwire ntchito yosinthira zida kuti zitsimikizire kuti zimangochitika zokha komanso zolondola pakusintha kwa zida zonse.
(IV) Zofunikira Zofunikira ndi Zomangamanga
- Mphamvu Yamphamvu: Malo opangira makina a CNC amagwiritsa ntchito magulu 34 (zidutswa 68) za akasupe a Belleville, zomwe zimatha kupanga mphamvu yopumira. Munthawi yanthawi zonse, mphamvu yolimba yolimbitsa chida ndi 10 kN, ndipo imatha kufikira 13 kN. Chotero tensioning mphamvu kamangidwe zokwanira kupirira zosiyanasiyana kudula mphamvu ndi mphamvu centrifugal akuchita pa chida pa ndondomeko Machining, kuonetsetsa khola fixation chida mkati tapered dzenje la spindle, kuteteza chida kusamutsidwa kapena kugwa pa ndondomeko Machining, ndipo motero kutsimikizira Machining kulondola ndi pamwamba khalidwe.
- Piston Stroke: Mukasintha chida, kugunda kwa piston 8 ndi 12 mm. Pa sitiroko iyi ya 12-mm, kuyenda kwa pistoni kumagawidwa m'magawo awiri. Choyamba, pisitoni ikafika pamtunda wa 4 mm, imayamba kukankha ndodo 2 kuti isunthe mpaka mipira yachitsulo ikalowa mumphako wa Φ37-mm kumtunda kwa dzenje lopindika la spindle. Panthawi imeneyi, chida chimayamba kumasuka. Pambuyo pake, ndodo yokokerayo imatsikabe mpaka pamwamba pa “a” ya ndodo yokokerayo ifika pamwamba pa chokokeracho, ndikukankhiratu chidacho kuchokera pabowo lopindika la nsongayo kuti chowongoleracho chichotse bwino chidacho. Powongolera bwino kugunda kwa pisitoni, kumasula ndi kukangana kwa chida kumatha kumalizidwa molondola, kupewa zovuta monga kusakwanira kapena sitiroko yochulukirapo yomwe ingayambitse kugunda kotayirira kapena kulephera kumasula chidacho.
- Kulimbana ndi Kupsinjika ndi Zofunikira: Popeza mipira 4 yachitsulo, pamwamba pa chokokera, pamwamba pa bowo la spindle, ndi mabowo omwe pali mipira yachitsulo imakhala ndi nkhawa yolumikizana panthawi yogwira ntchito, zofunika kwambiri zimayikidwa pazida ndi kuuma kwa pamwamba pazigawozi. Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti mphamvu yamagetsi pa mipira yachitsulo imakhala yofanana, mabowo omwe pali mipira 4 yachitsulo ayenera kutsimikiziridwa kuti ali mu ndege yomweyo. Nthawi zambiri, zigawo zazikuluzikuluzi zimatengera zida zamphamvu kwambiri, zolimba kwambiri, komanso zosagwira ntchito ndikuwongolera njira zowongolera ndi kutentha kuti ziwongolere kuuma kwawo komanso kukana kuvala, kuonetsetsa kuti mawonekedwe olumikizana ndi zigawo zosiyanasiyana amatha kukhalabe ndi ntchito yabwino pakugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali komanso pafupipafupi, kuchepetsa kuvala ndi kupunduka, ndikutalikitsa moyo wautumiki wa chida chomasula ndi kumasula zida.
IV. Mapeto
Kapangidwe kake ndi mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya makina osungunula zida za spindle ndi zomangirira m'malo opangira makina a CNC amapanga dongosolo lovuta komanso lotsogola. Chigawo chilichonse chimagwirizana ndikugwirizanitsa pamodzi. Kudzera m'makina olondola komanso mwanzeru makina opangira zida, kuwongolera mwachangu komanso molondola komanso kumasula zida kumatheka, kumapereka chitsimikizo champhamvu cha makina opangira makina a CNC. Kumvetsetsa mozama mfundo zake zogwirira ntchito komanso mfundo zazikuluzikulu zaukadaulo ndizofunikira kwambiri pakukonza, kupanga, kugwiritsa ntchito, ndi kukonza malo opangira makina a CNC. M'tsogolomu, ndi kupita patsogolo kosalekeza kwa ukadaulo wa makina a CNC, makina osungunula zida za spindle ndi kuwongola adzakonzedwanso mosalekeza ndikuwongolera, kupita ku kulondola kwambiri, kuthamanga mwachangu, komanso magwiridwe antchito odalirika kuti akwaniritse zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira zamakampani opanga apamwamba.